Figure 1.
Ubiquilin 2 immunoreactivity in tauopathies.
Representative immunohistochemical staining of ubiquilin 2 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in a control (A) and an AD case (B). Detailed images showing plaque-like structures (C) and perisomatic granules (D) in an AD case. Ubiquilin 2 immunoreactivity in the subiculum of a sporadic PiD case (E), a G272V MAPT mutation carrier (F), and a PSP case (G). AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CA, cornu ammonis, FTD, frontotemporal dementia; MAPT, microtubule associated protein tau.
Figure 2.
Tau inclusions are not immunoreactive for ubiquilin 2.
Double immunostaining for ubiquilin 2 and AT8 in an AD case (A), a G272V MAPT mutation carrier (B) and a sporadic PiD case (C). Detailed images of double labeling show neurons with AT8-positive tau inclusions (D-O). Images were spectrally unmixed, and shown separately and merged in artificial colors (ubiquilin 2: green; AT8: red). AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CA, cornu ammonis FTD, frontotemporal dementia; MAPT, microtubule-associated protein tau, Ub2, ubiquilin 2.
Figure 3.
Ubiquilin 2 levels are decreased in AD patients.
(A) Western blot analysis of brain lysates from AD (Braak stage 5-6) and control (Braak stage 1) brain material using an ubiquilin 2 antibody and a GAPDH antibody as loading control. (B) Quantification of Western blot signals in (A). Ubiquilin 2 signals were normalized to GAPDH and statistically analysed (Mann–Whitney test, * p <0.05). (C) Supernatant and pellet lysate fractions of brain material from 3 AD patients (Braak stage 6) and 3 controls (Braak stage 1) were analysed by Western blotting. Pellets were treated with formic acid to dissolve aggregates prior to Western blotting. GAPDH was used as loading control (supernatant); tau was used as a control for successful extraction of the aggregates in the AD samples (pellet). AD, Alzheimer’s disease.
Figure 4.
Ubiquilin 2 mRNA levels are not changed in AD.
Ubiquilin 2 mRNA levels were assessed by qPCR in hippocampus and temporal cortex from AD and control brain. GAPDH was used as a reference gene (Mann–Whitney test, non-significant).