Figure 1.
Flow diagram illustrating selection of study subjects for analysis.
Boxes in bold represent the children included in the present analysis.
Table 1.
Characteristics of study population stratified by infection status with soil-transmitted helminth infections. Epg = eggs per gram.
Figure 2.
Mean proportional abundance of selected bacterial taxonomic Families in 97 rural Ecuadorian children using pre-treatment samples, compared with U.S.-recruited adults.
Low abundance taxa were excluded from this figure for the sake of clarity. Families with blue background belong to the Firmicutes phylum, red = Bacteroidetes, green = Proteobacteria, yellow = Spirochaetes (mostly Treponema spp.). U.S. data generated by the Human Microbiome Project [43]. Errors bars show standard deviation from the mean.
Figure 3.
Cluster dendrogram, generated with the Jaccard calculator in the mothur software package, showing similarity in community membership at the OTU-level between faecal samples from different study groups.
Surrounding bar charts show the microbiota composition at the genus level for each sample. Group A = children infected with mixed infections with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura before anthelmintic treatment [N = 50], B = children infected with T. trichiura only before treatment [N = 17], C/D = uninfected children before treatment [N = 30].
Figure 4.
Cluster dendrogram, generated with the Jaccard calculator in the mothur software package, showing similarity in community membership at the OTU-level between faecal samples following anthelmintic treatment.
Surrounding bar charts show the microbiota composition at the genus level for each sample. Group B = children infected with T. trichiura only before treatment [N = 17], E = children infected with T. trichiura only, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 14], C = uninfected children before treatment [N = 21], F = uninfected children from Group C, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 21].
Figure 5.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot, generated in mothur using the Yue & Clayton theta similarity co-efficient, showing overlap in community structure (including proportional abundance of each OTU) between each of the study groups.
Group A = children infected with mixed infections with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura before anthelmintic treatment [N = 50], B = children infected with T. trichiura only before treatment [N = 17], C = uninfected children before treatment [N = 21], D = uninfected children before treatment [N = 9], E = children infected with T. trichiura only, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 14], F = uninfected children from Group C, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 21].
Table 2.
Relative composition of faecal microbiota by bacterial genus in children with no STH infection (uninfected), children infected with only T. trichiura, and those infected with both T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides (mixed infection).
Table 3.
Relative composition of faecal microbiota by bacterial genus before and after treatment for children infected with T. trichiura only, uninfected children, and all children that received anthelmintic treatment (all matched pairs).
Figure 6.
Average Shannon diversity index scores for each of the study groups within the overall Ecuadorian cohort.
Group A = children infected with mixed infections with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura before anthelmintic treatment [N = 50], B = children infected with T. trichiura only before treatment [N = 17], C = uninfected children before treatment [N = 21], D = uninfected children before treatment [N = 9], E = children infected with T. trichiura only, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 14], F = uninfected children from Group C, sampled 21 days post treatment [N = 21].