Figure 1.
A path diagram of the transitions of the matrix population model employed when larval stages are distinct, to allow for a time lag following oviposition, male mortality is age-dependent, and females mate with wild-type males, sterile males, or both.
Table 1.
Rate parameter descriptions and values used.
Figure 2.
Simulation of a SIT release, showing population sizes of females, wild-type males and larvae, and sterile males that are released at weekly intervals.
Dashed lines refer to population sizes in the absence of sterile male releases.
Figure 3.
Effects of sperm displacement and probability of remating on female population size after 20 weekly sterile males releases, compared to population size in the absence of sterile males.
Figure 4.
The effect of male mating competitiveness (from 1 to 0.1) and additional mortality incurred by sterile males over wild-type males (expressed as different values of a constant mortality factor in the Gompertz-Makeham survivorship function) on the suppression of the female population achieved after 20 weeks of sterile male releases.
Figure 5.
If male mating capacity is age-dependent, the loss of efficacy due to an increased mortality of sterile males can be partially offset by releasing older males, and this effect increases with increasing mortality of sterile males.
A) The male age-dependent survivorship and mating capacity curves used in these simulations; B) The difference in the proportion of suppression achieved after 20 weeks of sterile male releases when 6-d-old males are released compared to 1-d-old males.
Figure 6.
The female population size (left panel) during simulation runs where sterile males are released at weekly intervals starting at day 100 when the female death rate is affected by male harassment (right panel) according to different values of parameter a in the function for male-dependent female mortality.
Figure 7.
The effect of mosquito size and assortative mating on population size and vectorial capacity during and after the release of sterile males.
Solid red lines indicate simulations with a degree of assortative mating, Ca, equal to 0.9; dashed black lines represent simulations without assortative mating (Ca = 0.5). Sterile males were released starting on d 100 for 20 consecutive weeks. Blue dotted lines represent a control where no sterile males were released. A) Population sizes of small (left panel) and large females (right panel). B) Vectorial capacity, a measure of disease transmission potential, of mosquito populations comprising small and large females. The shaded area represents the period during which (small) sterile males are released.
Figure 8.
Transient elasticity of female population size to θ, a vector of life history parameters (C, male competitiveness; a,b,c, aspects of larval density dependent mortality; μf, female mortality; μm, male mortality; is, incomplete sterility; R, daily fecundity), throughout the duration of a sterile-male release programme.
Release of sterile males was continuous (150 males/day).