Figure 1.
Associations between (A) piped water and average per capita GDP in 2010, and (B) WASH-related death rate and % coverage with piped water in 2004.
Figure 2.
Analytical framework for our calculations of potential economic benefits from eliminating WASH-related mortality.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for variables included in the regression models.
Table 2.
Estimations of country-level coverage with piped water.
Table 3.
Estimation of WASH-related mortality (deaths per thousand people per year)a.
Figure 3.
Coverage with improved water, shown for (A) % of overall population; (B) % with piped water and sewerage only; and (C) total population without piped water and sewerage, by region.
(Data from WHO/UNICEF JMP project; actual data period is shown by shaded box; future projections use long term historical growth rates.) The bold black and white line in Panels A and B represents the population-weighted average across less-developed countries.
Table 4.
Summary of key simulation model parameters and assumptions.
Table 5.
Summary of projected coverage with different levels of water and sanitation services.
Figure 4.
WASH-related disease burden in terms of (A) population-weighted mortality rate and (B) estimated number of deaths, by region (Data for 2002–2008, obtained from the WHO, are shown by the shaded area; future projections use historical GDP growth rates).
The bold black and white line in Panel A represents the population-weighted average across less-developed countries, whereas that in Panel B is the total number of deaths in less-developed countries.
Table 6.
WASH-related mortality and its economic consequences.
Figure 5.
Potential gains from avoiding WASH-related mortality (A) in 1990 International G-K Dollars, and (B) as % of global GDP (projections from historical economic growth rates).