Table 1.
Explanatory variables included in a priori human-cougar conflict models..
Figure 1.
Temporal dynamics of cougar-human conflict in British Columbia, Canada across a period of three decades.
(A) 1978–1987, (B) 1988–1997, (C) 1998–2007. Darkening shades of red indicate increase in number of conflicts. Numbers on maps represent mean conflict incidence per 10,000 km2 and are presented for each geographical region in the province.
Figure 2.
Seasonal variation in human-cougar conflict incidence in British Columbia based on thirty years of conflict data (1978–2007).
Graphs represent means and error bars represent standard errors.
Table 2.
Summary of supported male cougar models for Human + Habitat, no cattle (a–e), Human + Habitat, with cattle (f–g), Human + Habitat Interaction, no cattle (h-n) and Human + Habitat Interaction, with cattle (o).
Table 3.
Summary of supported female cougar models for Human + Habitat, no cattle (a–l), Human + Habitat, with cattle (m–r) and Human + Habitat Interaction, no cattle (s–y).
Figure 3.
Predicted relative probability of cougar-human conflict in British Columbia.
Predicted relative probability is based on variables from (A) Top male ▵AICc model, (B) Top % deviance explained male model, (C) Top ▵AICc female model, and (D) Top % deviance explained female model. Prediction for males are in blue and for females in red. Inset map illustrates conflict predictions for Vancouver Island, with elevation set as transparent in the background. For the inset only the top ▵AICc population-level model predictions are shown due to closely matching predictions with the correponding top % deviance explained model.
Figure 4.
Top model predictions for the relative probability of cougar-human conflict in British Columbia.
(A) Top ▵AICc male model, (B) Top % deviance explained male model, (C) Top ▵AICc female model, (D) Top % deviance explained female model, (E) Top ▵AICc population-level model, (F) Top % deviance explained population-level model. Predictions were based on conflict data for 1998–2007 (female n = 222; male n = 222).
Table 4.
Estimated cougar-human conflict location coefficients for male cougars in British Columbia.
Table 5.
Estimated cougar-human conflict location coefficients for female cougars in British Columbia.