Table 1.
The classification of saplings, juveniles and adults based on the size classes of dbh (cm; diameter at breast height) separately for shrubs, under-story, and canopy trees.
Table 2.
Main hypotheses, applied point pattern analyses, related illustrations (i.e. figures, tables, and supporting information), and main results rejecting or supporting the main hypotheses in this study.
Figure 1.
Analysis with the univariate K2-function.
Percentage cases in which conspecific adult (A), juvenile (B), and sapling (C) patterns showed significant aggregation (black circles), regularity (squares), and randomness (white circles) at distance r. Significant departures from the CSR null model were estimated using the 5th-lowest and 5th-highest value of 199 Monte Carlo simulation envelopes for the 2–50 m distance interval. Values of K2(r) above, below or within the simulation envelopes indicate regularity, aggregation or randomness of the pattern, respectively. Note that the K2-function removes the confounding effects of large-scale habitat association.
Table 3.
The number of species with positive, negative or no significant association between different life stages (the percentage follows in parentheses).
Figure 2.
Results of analysis for conspecific spatial association between different life-history stages.
Percentage cases in which different life-history stages showed significant attraction (black circles) and repulsion (squares), and no significant association (white circles) at distance r. Pattern 1 was the pattern of older trees and pattern 2 that of younger trees.