Figure 1.
Toxicity assessment of WGH on C. elegans.
(A) Effects of WGH on lethality. (B) Effects of WGH on growth. (C) Effects of WGH on reproduction. (D) Effects of WGH on locomotion behavior as indicated by head thrash and body bend. (E) Effects of WGH on intestinal autofluorescence. (F) Effects of WGH on intestinal ROS production. WGH treatment was performed for 24-hr from L4-larvae. WGH, wheat gluten hydrolysate. Bars represent means ± S.E.M.
Figure 2.
Effects of WGH treatment on lifespan of C. elegan.
(A) Lifespan curves of nematodes treated with WGH. (B) Comparison of mean lifespans in nematodes treated with WGH. WGH treatment was performed throughout the lifespan of nematodes from L4-larvae. WGH, wheat gluten hydrolysate. Bars represent means ± S.E.M. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
Figure 3.
Effects of WGH treatment to decrease intestinal autofluorescence (A) and enhance locomotion behavior (B-C) during the aging process.
WGH treatment was performed throughout the lifespan of nematodes from L4-larvae. WGH, wheat gluten hydrolysate. Bars represent means ± S.E.M. **p<0.01.
Figure 4.
Heat-stress and oxidative stress resistance of WGH treated C. elegans.
(A) Lifespans of heat-stress exposed nematodes pretreated with or without 1 mg/mL of WGH. (B) Mean lifespans of heat-stress exposed nematodes pretreated with or without 1 mg/mL of WGH. (C) Lifespans of paraquat exposed nematodes pretreated with or without 1 mg/mL of WGH. (D) Mean lifespans of paraquat exposed nematodes pretreated with or without 1 mg/mL of WGH. (E) Intestinal ROS production in paraquat exposed nematodes pretreated with or without 1 mg/mL of WGH. Nematodes pre-treated with 1 mg/mL of WGH for 48-hr were transferred to the 35°C condition for 16–hr or 2 mmol/L of paraquat for 6–hr. WGH, wheat gluten hydrolysate. Bars represent means ± S.E.M. **p<0.01.