Figure 1.
Synthetic route and chemical structure of heparin-poloxamer (HP) conjugate.
(A: Synthetic route of amine-terminated poloxamer 407; B: Chemical structure of HP conjugate).
Figure 2.
Procedures of medical adhesive anastomosis combined with HP hydrogel.
(A: Fractured vessels; B: Liquid HP was introduced into one side of the broken vessel; C: Liquid HP was introduced into the other side of the broken vessel, and transferred into solid phase under controlling environmental temperature; D: Alignment of HP perfused vessels; E: Coating of cyanoacrylate on the outer periphery of the vascular junction; F:HP was transferred from solid to liquid under in vivo temperature, and blood flowed through the anastomosis junction).
Figure 3.
FTIR spectra of poloxamer and 1H-NMR spectra of Poloxamer 407 and HP.
(A: FTIR spectra; B: 1H-NMR spectra. a: Poloxamer 407; b: HP).
Figure 4.
HP gelation temperature, viscous moduli and elastic moduli, SEM image and procedure duration of different vascular anastomosis.
(A:Gelation temperature of poloxamer 407 and HP; B: Viscous moduli and elastic moduli of the 18wt% HP hydrogel in PBS; C: SEM images of the surface morphology of the lyophilized HP hydrogel at 18 wt%; D: Procedure duration of different vascular anastomosis).
Figure 5.
Postoperative CT angiograms, ultrasound Doppler images, and scanning electron microscopes of experimental groups.
(A: Postoperative CT angiograms; B: Ultrasound Doppler images performed at 6 weeks after operation; C: Scanning electron microscope of different vascular anastomosis after 12 weeks. a: Sham-operated group, b: hand-sewn group, c: poloxamer 407 group, d: HP hydrogel group).
Figure 6.
Histological observation and the percentage increase of the intima thickness at week 12 of experimental groups.
(a: Sham-operated group, b: hand-sewn group, c: poloxamer 407 group, d: HP hydrogel group. Note: # P<0.05 versus the normal group; * P<0.05 versus the hand-sewn group and poloxamer 407 group. ).