Figure 1.
Mean number of species and individuals sampled by each bait type.
Mean species richness (a), mean number of individuals (b) and mean biomass (c) of dung beetles sampled by each bait type. Pig-human bait mixes are referred to by the percentage contribution of pig dung to the overall mixture. Error bars represent the standard error.
Figure 2.
Species accumulation curves and the influence of occasional species for each bait type.
Species accumulation curves (lines) for dung beetle communities (a), and numbers of species sampled by each of five bait types while sequentially removing singletons (abundance class = 1), doubletons (abundance class = 2) etc. (b). Colours represent dung type: human (blue), 10% pig (red), 50% pig (yellow dashed), 90% pig (green dashed), pig (black). The blue polygon represents the standard error for human dung.
Figure 3.
Rank abundance plots for species collected by each bait type.
Rank abundance plots for species collected by different dung mixes. Bar colours indicate functional group: small rollers (green); large rollers (dark green); small tunnellers (blue); large tunnellers (dark blue); and dwellers (orange). On pig-based baits the rank abundance curve for pure human dung has been overlaid (black line) and abundance has been standardised to be equivalent to the total abundance of all species collected by pure human dung. Bars greater than the line indicate species with greater abundances than human dung, and bars below a lower abundance.
Figure 4.
Proportion of shared species between the community sampled using human dung and by dung mixes.
Proportional venn diagrams visualising the similarity between the community sampled using pure human dung and the communities sampled by dung mixes. Diagram components represent species unique to pure human dung (red), the number of species unique to the other bait type (blue), and species shared by both (overlap). Numbers below plots indicate similarity values (1-Jaccard) with human dung-baited traps.