Figure 1.
Mapping of 10-2 and 24-2 VF test points.
Blue and green circles represent test points in the 24-2 VF and 10-2 VF, respectively. Red circles show points tested by both the 24-2 VF and 10-2 VF. VF: visual field.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants of training and testing datasets.
Figure 2.
Comparison of rates of progression of MD in the 10-2 VF and 24-2 VF.
(Bland-Altman plot). If there was no difference between the pair of measurements, then the values would lie on a horizontal line at zero. In 14 (35.9%) of 39 eyes, the difference of the rates were larger than 0.5 dB/year and furthermore, the difference of the rates were larger than 1 dB/year in four (10.3%) of 39 eyes. MD: mean of total deviation, VF: visual field.
Figure 3.
The progression of MD in the 10-2 VF and 24-2 VF in a given patient.
In this patient, the rate of progression of MD over the first six 10-2 VFs was −2.3 dB/year whereas over the first nine 24-2 VFs, the MD rate was −0.14 dB/year. MD: mean of total deviation, VF: visual field.
Figure 4.
Comparison of the difference of the Lasso-derived MD and the average of the twelve test points within ten degrees from fixation in the 24-2/30-2 VF, against the actual 10-2 VF MD.
The Lasso-derived MD was obtained by leave-one-out cross validation. The difference shown is the absolute value. The difference associated with the Lasso derived MD was significantly smaller than that associated with the average of the central twelve 24-2 VF test points (p<0.05, percentile bootstrap method). MD: mean of total deviation, VF: visual field.
Figure 5.
Prediction errors for the novel method are compared with the standard approach.
There were significant differences between and all other values (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA test).
: prediction errors derived from the Lasso regression (n indicates the number of MDs in the series),
: the absolute prediction error calculated using only actual 10-2 VF MDs, MD: mean of total deviation, VF: visual field.
Figure 6.
The progression of actual 10-2 VF MDs and LMDs.
Orange circles represent three initial actual 10-2 VF MDs, red circles represent 4th and 5th 10-2 VF MDs, the green circle represents the 6th 10-2 VF MD and black circles represent LMDs. Linear regression lines are drawn for the initial five (red; ‘VF10-2 1st to 5th’) and three (orange; ‘VF10-2 1st to 3rd’) actual MDs, and initial three actual MDs plus LMDs (blue; ‘LMD’) in four different patients. The grayscale images illustrate the actual 30-2 VFs and 10-2 VFs. a: case1, 61 years old, male, left eye b: case2, 76 years old, male, right eye. VF: visual field, MD: mean of total deviation, LMD: Lasso-derived 10-2 VF MD.