Table 1.
Demographics of the Study Population.
Table 2.
Echocardiographic Findings of the Patients.
Table 3.
Operation Performed in Each Group of Patients.
Figure 1.
Representative two-dimensional gel (2-DE) of plasma in valvular heart disease and normal controls.
(A) 500 µg protein of plasma were subjected to 2-DE with first dimension pH gradient of 3–10 and second dimension SDS-PAGE. Gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie Blue R-250. Spots were excised, processed as described under “Experimental Procedures”, and analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting. (B) a. The intensity of plasma vitronectin in RVD (3622.9±2975.6) and DVD (4351.4±4351.4) was shown down-regulate in expression to compare with the normal controls groups (45793.3±6190.2). b. The intensity of plasma alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in RVD (34446.9±20890.9) was shown down-regulate in expression to compare with the normal controls groups (104007.5±9878.797). c. The intensity of plasma carbonic anhydrase 1 in DVD (13153.3±1485.5) was shown up-regulate in expression to compare with the normal controls groups (1502.6±1502.6). d. The intensity of plasma complement C4-A in RVD (46090.8±7914.7) was shown up-regulate in expression to compare with the normal controls groups (21009.9±2250.4). e. The intensity of plasma serotransferrin in RVD (1712.6±112.7) was shown down-regulate in expression to compare with the normal controls groups (18444.9±1861.3) Date are shown as mean ± SEM. (n = 3, *P<0.05 vs. control group, **P<0.01 vs. control group, un-paired t-test).
Table 4.
Differentially Expressed Proteins Identified by MALDI/TOF MS.
Figure 2.
ELISA was used to measure plasma levels of vitronectin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, carbonic anhydrase 1, complement C4-A and serotransferrin.
(A) The plasma vitronectin level in normal controls (323.2±10.0 µg/ml) were significantly elevated when compared with the patients with RVD (281.3±11.0 µg/ml, P = 0.006; un-paired t-test) and patients with DVD (283.6±11.4 µg/ml, P = 0.011; un-paired t-test). (B) Plasma alpha-1-antichymotrypsin levels in patients with RVD (370.0±13.7 µg/ml) were significantly depressed when compared with the healthy controls (413.0±11.6 µg/ml, P = 0.019; un-paired t-test). (C) Plasma carbonic anhydrase 1 levels in patients with DVD (237.70±15.7 U/L) were significantly elevated when compared with the healthy controls (184.7±10.8 U/L, P = 0.007; un-paired t-test). (D) Plasma complement C4A levels in patients with RVD (715.8±35.6 ng/ml) were significantly elevated when compared with the healthy controls (594.7±28.2 ng/ml, P = 0.009; un-paired t-test). (E) Plasma serotransferrin levels in patients with RVD (2.36±0.20 mg/ml) were significantly depressed when compared with the healthy controls (2.93±0.16 mg/ml, P = 0.025; un-paired t-test). Date are shown as mean ± SEM. (n = 40).