Table 1.
Overview of the patients used for metabolic screening of the effects of ES on human liver.
Figure 1.
Principal components analysis of the samples of the discovery stage.
The first two principal components are plotted. Samples before and after ES are marked with open and filled circles, respectively.
Figure 2.
Metabolites identified as consistently increased after ES in liver samples.
The results of the screening stage are noted with the decadic logarithm of the peak area in the GC/MS denoted as Log10(I), the fold increase after ES and the p-value obtained from the analysis of variance including the patient as covariate denoted as PAOV. For the replication series, results of the paired t-test are denoted as Pt-test. Nominal p-values are given for all analyses.
Figure 3.
Log10 concentrations for each of the six replicated metabolites before (denoted with open symbols) and after ES (denoted with filled symbols).
The paired samples are each connected with a line and pairs are coloured differently for better visualization.
Figure 4.
Incubation of cells with HAzPC at 5 µM in a wound healing scratch assay demonstrated that closure of the scratch occurs more rapidly in the absence of HAzPC (upper panels A and B) than with HAzPC treatment (lower panels C and D).
Figure 5.
HAzPC dose-dependently increased apoptosis as reflected by an increase of Trypan Blue inclusion in CFSC-2G (A) and MMNK-1 (B) cells.
Cell morphology suggesting apoptosis was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase of cleaved caspase and pro-apoptotic protein bax in both cell lines. The decrease of protein expression including that of cleaved caspase 3 (C) and bax at 5mcrmol of HAzPC in Western Blots likely reflects cell demise.