Figure 1.
Timing of confusion in relation to rash and treatment with steroids and IVIG for 15 AME patients.
Rash (purple); confusion (green); steroids (orange); IVIG (dark green).
Table 1.
Presentation signs and symptoms of 15 measles acute encephalitis patients.
Figure 2.
Relationship between age and serum concentration and avidity of measles-reactive IgG in AME patients and controls.
Results are shown for 15 AME patients (top panels) and 13 controls (bottom panels). Results are categorized as being tested before (○) or from day 7 since fever onset (•) because titers increased from day 7. Results for tests done before and after day 7 since fever for two AME patients are joined by a line. One patient tested more than 19 days after fever onset is indicated (*). Sera that were tested after administration of IVIG are also indicated (#). Vertical lines differentiate patients born before and after measles vaccine was widely available in Vietnam. Horizontal lines in panel B indicate avidity cut-offs for identifying secondary (upper) and primary (lower) type antibody responses with intermediate levels being indeterminate.
Figure 3.
Brain MRI images for an AME patient scanned 9 days after the onset of confusion.
FLAIR images show high-intensity signals in the cerebellar peduncle, brain stem and thalamus.
Figure 4.
Lymphocyte subset counts in AME patients versus controls.
Results for CD8 (A), CD4 (B) and CD19 (C) counts during early illness (day 5–13) are shown for 13 controls (blue circles) and 6 AME patients (red filled circles). Results are also shown for AME patients in late illness (n = 8) and following recovery (n = 6) with lines connecting multiple time points for the same patient. Horizontal lines represent the lower +/− upper limits of the normal range.