Figure 1.
Screen captures of (A) iHabit’s visual check-in notification, (B) a representative check-in question, and (C) a representative end-of-day question.
Table 1.
Experimental (app) and Control Group Demographics.
Figure 2.
Intra-subject change in estimated time spent on academics at check-in across test weeks.
Average estimated time spent on academics over the 20 minutes prior to check-in was significantly greater in weeks 8 and 14 than in week 3 (p = 0.05). Each participant’s average estimate during each week is represented by a colored line.
Table 2.
Participants’ estimates for how they spent their last 20 minutes at check-in points during the day.
Table 3.
Participants’ estimates for hours of time spent each day.
Figure 3.
Means and standard deviations for posttest estimations of percentage of time (A) spent recreationally using electronics and (B) wasted throughout the semester.
The app group estimated spending more time using electronics recreationally and wasting more time than controls (p<.05; statistical significance denoted by an asterisk).
Figure 4.
Means and standard deviations for end-of-day estimates of time spent studying during the three testing weeks for participants who reported changing their behavior as a result of app use (“Change”) and who reported no change (“No Change”) in the posttest questionnaire.
Average end-of-day estimates of time spent studying over week 8–but not weeks 3 or 14 (p’s>,05)–was significantly higher for the group that reported changing their behavior as a result of using the app than for the group that reported no change (p<.01; statistical significance denoted by an asterisk).