Figure 1.
Conceptual framework of biological invasions by NIS, the impacts generated and the management measures.
NIS are introduced from their native range through trade, travel or intentionally for diverse reasons such as pets or ornamental. Once established the NIS population grows and disperses. The spread of the NIS and the population levels can generate impacts to agriculture, human health and the environment. The estimation of NIS impacts is necessary to allow the generation of evidence-based risk management policies to prevent, control and mitigate the impacts of NIS in Southeast Asia. Pictures: Pomacea caniculata (golden apple snail), Aedes aegypti (dengue vector) and Felis catus (domestic cat). DALYs: disability-adjusted life years measures disease burden.
Figure 2.
Number of reported environmental invasive species in Southeast Asian countries.
Number of invasive species of environmental importance reported in 10 countries in Southeast Asia in the Global Invasive Species Database, CABI Invasive Species Compendium, Peh (2010), and MacKinnon (2006).
Table 1.
Estimated annual losses caused by non-indigenous species in Southeast Asian countries ($ billion).
Table 2.
Damage costs by non-indigenous species to Southeast Asian countries ($ million).