Figure 1.
Morphology of etioplasts and chloroplasts in Arabidopsis wild-type and Min system mutants.
(A) Chlorophyll autofluorescence images of etioplasts and chloroplasts were captured from cotyledons of 6-day-old etiolated seedlings and green seedlings grown under a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod with an irradiance of 110 µmol photons m−2 s−1 by confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). Scale bars = 10 µm. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of etioplast ultrastructure in Col-0 and Min system mutants. Scale bars = 2 µm.
Figure 2.
Characterization of the Arabidopsis VIGS plants in wild-type and Min system mutants.
(A) Phenotypes of the VIGS-GFP and VIGS-ALB3 silenced plants. Images of representative plants taken 3 weeks after infection are shown on the left. Images of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm of the infected plants captured by a MAXI-IMAGING PAM chlorophyll fluorometer are shown on the right. Scale bars = 1 cm. (B) Chlorophyll contents of the VIGS-GFP and VIGS-ALB3 plants, FW, fresh weight. (C) Relative level of silencing of ALB3 mRNA in VIGS-ALB3 plants as analyzed by qRT-PCR. Data are given as means ± SD of three biological replicates.
Figure 3.
Morphology of nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis Min system mutant plants infected with TRV-GFP or TRV-ALB3.
All plants were infected with TRV-GFP or TRV-ALB3 at 12 days old. Nongreen plastids were observed 3 weeks after infection. (A) Confocal chlorophyll autofluorescence images of nongreen plastids were captured from leaf mesophyll cells. Scale bars = 10 µm. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of nongreen plastid ultrastructure in VIGS-ALB3 plants in wild-type and Min system mutants. Scale bars = 2 µm.
Figure 4.
Immunofluorescence analysis of the FtsZ-ring in VIGS plants.
Immunofluorescence images of the FtsZ2-1 ring of chloroplasts in VIGS-GFP plants and nongreen plastids in VIGS-ALB3 plants two weeks after infection. Chloroplasts are indicated by chlorophyll autofluorescence (red). Scale bars = 10 µm.