Figure 1.
Astraeus sirindhorniae from the field.
(A) immature basidiomes with basal rhizomorphs (arrowhead), bar = 17 mm. (B) mature basidiome split to form a series of rays revealing an endoperidium with an apical opening (arrowhead), bar = 24 mm. (C) basidiospores shooting from an opening apical (in blue circle), bar = 25 mm.
Table 1.
List of specimens in this study.
Figure 2.
Maximum likelihood tree from a multigene dataset reveals the placement of Astraeus sirindhorniae within the Sclerodermatineae.
Thick vertical black bars identify root branch for the taxonomic lineage indicated by the adjacent label. Numbers above branches identify the statistics bootstrap percentages (bold text, before forward slash) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (normal text, after forward slash) for that branch. Maximum likelihood bootstraps from 1000 iterations. Bayesian posterior probabilities from 1000 iterations (1 million runs sampling every 1000th iteration).
Figure 3.
Maximum likelihood tree from ITS dataset identifies Astraeus sirindhorniae as a distinct species of Astraeus.
Numbers above branches identify the statistics bootstrap percentages (bold text, before forward slash) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (normal text, after forward slash) for that branch. Maximum likelihood bootstraps from 1000 iterations. Bayesian posterior probabilities from 1000 iterations (1 million runs sampling every 1000th iteration).
Figure 4.
(A) immature basidiomes, bar = 60 mm. (B) short stipitate endoperidium (arrowhead), bar = 3 mm. (C) fibrillose endoperidium (arrowhead), bar = 3 mm. (D) gleba colour become umber to date- brown when mature (arrowhead), bar = 10 mm. (E) complex outer peridium, bar = 3 mm.
Figure 5.
Exoperidium layers. (A) exoperidial suprapellis, outer most surface, bar = 6 µm. (B) exoperidial suprapellis, bar = 7 µm. (C) interface layer between exoperidial suprapellis (top left) and mediopellis (lower right), bar = 6 µm. (D) exoperidial mediopellis, bar = 7 µm. (E) exoperidial mediopellis (inner most), bar = 7 µm. and (F) interface layers between exoperidial mediopellis (top left) and subpellis (lower right), bar = 8 µm. Magnification at 1,000×.
Figure 6.
Exoperidium layers (A–B). (A) exoperidial subpellis, bar = 5 µm. (B) exoperidial subpellis (innermost), bar = 10 µm. (C) rhizomorph hyphae with clamp connection (arrowhead), bar = 5 µm. (D) capillitium hyphae displaying continuous lumen (arrowhead) and basidiospore (arrow), bar = 5 µm. (E–F) spore ornamentation demonstrated coalescent spines in groups, bar = 1 µm. A–D magnification at 1,000×.