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Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of CRF over CCF.

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Figure 1.

Vented-chamber methods used in field experiments to capture NH3 emitted from the soil.

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Table 2.

Effect of controlled-release fertiliser on yield and its component of summer maize.

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Table 2 Expand

Figure 2.

Effects of controlled-release fertiliser on net photosynthetic rate in ear leaves of summer maize.

CCF, common compound fertiliser; CRF, a resin-coated CRF; SCF, a sulphur-coated CRF; CCF, applied at 1250 kg ha−1 (the local average commercial fertiliser N application rate); CRFI, CRF applied at 714.29 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), CRFII,1071.43 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), CRFIII, 1428.57 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); SCFI, SCF applied at 833.33 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), SCFII, 1250 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), SCFIII, 1666.67 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); CK, control plots without N application. Error bars are SE (n = 5).

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Figure 2 Expand

Figure 3.

Soil NH3 volatilisation rates (A and B) and changes in cumulative NH3 volatilisation (C and D) following basal fertilisation.

CCF, common compound fertiliser; CRF, a resin-coated CRF; SCF, a sulphur-coated CRF; CCF, applied at 1250 kg ha−1 (the local average commercial fertiliser N application rate); CRFI, CRF applied at 714.29 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), CRFII,1071.43 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), CRFIII, 1428.57 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); SCFI, SCF applied at 833.33 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), SCFII, 1250 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), SCFIII, 1666.67 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); CK, control plots without N application. Error bars are SE (n = 15; some SE bars are smaller than the symbols).

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Figure 3 Expand

Figure 4.

Dynamics of N uptake by aboveground parts after fertilisation.

CCF, common compound fertiliser; CRF, a resin-coated CRF; SCF, a sulphur-coated CRF; CCF, applied at 1250 kg ha−1 (the local average commercial fertiliser N application rate); CRFI, CRF applied at 714.29 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), CRFII,1071.43 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), CRFIII, 1428.57 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); SCFI, SCF applied at 833.33 kg ha−1 (50% CCF), SCFII, 1250 kg ha−1 (75% CCF), SCFIII, 1666.67 kg ha−1 (100% CCF); CK, control plots without N application. Error bars are SE (n = 3; some SE bars are smaller than the symbols).

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Figure 4 Expand

Table 3.

Effects of different controlled-release fertiliser treatments on NUE of maize.

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Table 3 Expand