Figure 1.
Comparison of the length and width of worms from water buffalo and goats at week 7 postinfection.
(A) male worms; (B) female worms; (C) parasite length; (D) parasite width. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01. The number of worms compared per group was at least n = 50 for females and males, respectively, and included worms from all animals.
Figure 2.
Comparisons of the oral suckers, ventral suckers, and the integument of male worms derived from water buffalo and goats by SEM.
BS, border spine; CP, cortical pore; RLTR, rope-like tegumental ridge; SP, sensory papillae.
Figure 3.
Comparisons of the oral suckers, ventral suckers, and the genital pores of female worms derived from water buffalo and goats by SEM.
V, vacuole; C, crest; S, spine; SP, sensory papillae; VC, ventral sucker; GP, genital pore.
Figure 4.
Comparisons of male worms derived from water buffalo and goats by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
(A, B) tegument, 2,000× magnification; (C–F) subtegument and inner structures; (C, D) 3,000× magnification; (E, F) 10,000× magnification. R, ridge; P, pore; V, vacuoles; LM, longitudinal muscle; CM, outer circular muscle; MV, microvilli; L, lipid droplet; ERGG, endoplasmic reticulum glycogen granule.
Figure 5.
Comparisons of the female worms derived from water buffalo and goats by TEM.
(A, B) tegument, 2000× magnification; (C–F) subtegument and inner structure, 12,000× magnification. H, heterochromatin; M, mitochondria; O, oogonia; N, nuclei; NM, nuclear membrane; PO, primary oocytes.
Figure 6.
Transcription profile analysis of significantly differentiated expressed genes in S. japonicum from water buffalo (group B) and goats (group G).
(A) Hierarchical clustering using differentially expressed genes (probe sets) (p<0.05; FC>2); (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcript profiles from groups B and G; (C) A scatter plot comparing groups G and B. The number at the upper left denotes up-regulated genes and the number at the lower right denotes down-regulated genes (p<0.05; FC>2).
Figure 7.
Heatmap clustering of common differentially expressed genes.
The right tables listed the common differentially expressed genes (p<0.05; FC>2). Schistosomes from water buffalo, yellow cattle, and goats were simplified as groups B, C, and G respectively. “-” indicates downregulation. FC is represented as the mean value. The tables do not contain genes without protein homology descriptions.
Table 1.
Details of real-time RT-PCR primers and results of confirmation.
Figure 8.
Distribution of gene ontology (GO) terms for the differentially expressed genes in schistosomes from water buffalo and goats.
A pie plot showing GO classifications of the biological processes (A), the molecular functions (B), and the cellular components (C). The graph excluded data without assigned GO terms.
Table 2.
Selected genes overexpressed in schistosomes from water buffalo compared to those from goats.a
Table 3.
Selected downregulated genes in schistosomes from water buffalo compared with those from goats.a