Figure 1.
A simplified overview of the LPS-induced NF-κB signalling pathway.
IκB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor (alpha, beta and epsilon isoforms are incorporated into the model); IKK, IκB kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFR, tumour necrosis factor receptor; TRIF, Tir-Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing Interferon-β.
Figure 2.
Steady state concentrations at different doses of LPS.
A. In silico simulation of steady state concentrations of inactive and phosphorylated IKK, and B. In silico simulation of steady state concentrations of free nuclear and cytoplasmic NF-κB.
Figure 3.
NF-κB time course behaviour of A. Concentrations of nuclear NF-κB over time, simulated using the in silico model described here, B. Concentrations of nuclear NF-κB over time, simulated using the in silico model described by Covert et al., C. Experimental data from LPS-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts as described by Covert et al. [22].
C is reprinted from Covert, M. W., Leung, T. H., Gaston, J. E., & Baltimore, D. (2005). Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5742), 1854-7. under a CC BY license, with permission from AAAS, original copyright 2005.
Figure 4.
A. Concentrations of nuclear IKK over time, simulated using the in silico model described here, B. Experimental data from LPS-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts as described by Covert et al. [22]. B is reprinted from Covert, M. W., Leung, T. H., Gaston, J. E., & Baltimore, D. (2005). Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5742), 1854-7. under a CC BY license, with permission from AAAS, original copyright 2005.
Figure 5.
NF-κB time course behaviour in TRIF and MyD88 knock-out conditions.
A. Concentrations of nuclear NF-κB over time, simulated using TRIF and MyD88 knock-out versions of the in silico model described here, B. Concentrations of nuclear NF-κB over time, simulated using TRIF and MyD88 knock-out versions of the in silico model described by Covert et al., C. Experimental in vitro data from LPS-treated TRIF or MyD88 knock-out mouse embryo fibroblasts as described by Covert et al. [22]. B and C are reprinted from Covert, M. W., Leung, T. H., Gaston, J. E., & Baltimore, D. (2005). Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5742), 1854-7. under a CC BY license, with permission from AAAS, original copyright 2005.