Table 1.
Taqman gene expression assay ID numbers for the genes which were significantly regulated during the recovery after MRSA lung infection.
Figure 1.
Bacterial burden in the lungs significantly decreased at day 3 compared to day 1 post MRSA infection (p<0.001).
Animals (n = 6 per group) were inoculated with 1.0×108 CFU of MRSA (LAC strain), and the bacterial CFU in left lungs (24 and 72 h) were enumerated at days 1 and 3 post infection. Data were analyzed from three independent experiments to determine significance using Student’s t-test.
Figure 2.
Lung histopathology at days 1 and 3 post MRSA lung infection.
A. PBS saline group; B. Day 1 post MRSA lung infection group; C. Day 3 post MRSA lung infection group. Magnification time: × 20.
Figure 3.
Bronochioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration (A), total cell number (B) and differential staining counts (C) in the lungs at days 1 and 3 post MRSA lung infection or PBS delivery.
PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophils. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.
Figure 4.
Fold change for lung permeability to FITC-labeled albumin at days 1 and 3 post MRSA lung infection.
Data was from three independent experiments. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.
Figure 5.
Heat map analysis reveals a global view of genes up- and down-regulated in lungs between Day 1 and Day 3 post MRSA lung infection.
The 82 differentially expressed genes were used to construct this heatmap.
Table 2.
The list of top 30 transcripts up-regulated during the recovery from MRSA lung infection.
Table 3.
The list of top 30 transcripts down-regulated during the recovery from MRSA lung infection.
Figure 6.
The relationship of the top up - and down - regulated genes and gene ontology categories (immune response, vasculariation and cell cycle) during the recovery post MRSA lung infection.
Yellow nodes represent gene ontology categories, red nodes are up-regulated genes, while green nodes stand for down-regulated genes. The saturations of gene nodes are proportional to the fold changes of these genes during the recovery post MRSA lung infection.
Figure 7.
Real-time PCR validation of four up-regulated (A) and four down-regulated (B) genes revealed by microarray hybridization.
The y axis labeled “fold Change” is defined in the materials and methods section. Blank bars represent Day 1 and black bars represent Day 3. Results are represented as mean ± standard error from six independent experiments including the four experiments for microarray data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
Table 4.
The known functions of eight verified genes.
Figure 8.
Immunohistochemistry for lung cell proliferation assay in controls (PBS), Day 1 and Day 3 post MRSA lung infection (LAC-D1, LAC-D3).
A) Representative PCNA and PCNA-DAPI immunostained mouse lung images at Day 1 and Day 3 post MRSA infections: Green dots are PCNA-positive cells; DAPI-stained blue dots indicate total cell number in one screen. Magnification time: × 20; B) Quantification of PCNA positive cell percentage in the three groups using PerkinElmer InForm version 1.3.0. Data were from three independent experiments, with six images taken from each experiment. ***p<0.001, compared to PBS group.