Table 1.
Search strategy.
Table 2.
Quality scores for studies included in primary analysis.
Figure 1.
Results of literature search.
Table 3.
Classification of reviewed studies.
Figure 2.
Treatment strategies for PCP in reviewed studies.
Total strategies for this analysis = 46.
Figure 3.
Prevalence of PCP in studies included for primary analysis, indicating heterogeneity of data set.
Confidence intervals for point prevalences were determined by adjusted Wald method.
Figure 4.
Relationship between prevalence of diagnoses and GDP.
A. Relationship between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) prevalence (%) and per capita Gross Domestic Product (constant US$) in adult AIDS-defining illness studies or reasons for hospitalisation in an HIV infected population; size of marker indicates size of study; a regression line is added for clarity. Note the logarithmic x-axis. B. Relationship between tuberculosis (TB) prevalence (%) and per capita Gross Domestic Product (constant US$) for the same studies.
Table 4.
Results of primary analysis of predictors of PCP via logistic regression.
Table 5.
Results of analysis of predictors of PCP via logistic regression for 18 African adult clinical respiratory studies.
Figure 5.
Sensitivity and specificity for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) of most commonly described signs, symptoms, clinical tests or aspects of history.
A. predictive of PCP in adults, B. predictive of absence of PCP in adults, C. predictive of PCP in children, D. predictive of absence of PCP in children. * Chest x-ray descriptions most commonly associated with PCP in adults: ‘interstitial shadowing’; ‘fine shadowing’; ‘minimally abnormal not TB’; ‘diffuse shadowing’. Chest x-ray descriptions most commonly associated with PCP in children: ‘alveolar consolidation’; ‘interstitial infiltration’; ‘diffuse bilateral alveolar shadowing’; ‘consolidation’. ** Chest x-ray descriptions least commonly associated with PCP in adults: ‘cavities’; ‘hilar lymph nodes’; ‘classical TB’. TP = True Positive; FP = False Positive; FN = False Negative; TN = True Negative.
Table 6.
Co-infection in PCP patients.
Table 7.
Case fatality amongst people with a diagnosis of PCP in included studies.
Table 8.
Summary of studies detailing effects of prophylaxis on prevalence of PCP.
Table 9.
CD4 count at presentation with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected people.