Table 1.
Antibodies used for flow cytometry.
Figure 1.
Dendritic cells were gated in the forward side scatter plot, based on size and granularity.
CD19+ B-cells were excluded from analysis and the frequency of MHC II+ CD11c+ cells was determined. Within the DC populations CD80, CD86, or CD103 isotype controls were used to set the gate to 99% negative cells. This gate was copied to the samples stained for CD80, CD86, and CD103 and the frequency of positive cells was determined.
Table 2.
Primer sequences used for quantitative real-time PCR.
Figure 2.
Effects of three bacterial strains on Peyer’s Patch dendritic cells.
Frequency of CD11c+ MHC II+ dendritic cells (A), CD103+ dendritic cells (B), CD80+ dendritic cells (C), or CD86+ dendritic cells (D) in the Peyer’s Patches following treatment with culture medium (white bars) (N = 6), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars) (N = 6), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars) (N = 6), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars) (N = 6). CD103, CD80, and CD86 frequencies are expressed as the frequency of cells within the CD11c+ MHC II+ population. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the Students t- test. * represents P-values <0.05.
Figure 3.
Effects of three bacterial strains on Peyer’s Patch T cells.
Frequency of CD69+ CD4 T cells (A), regulatory T/effector T cell ratio (B), CD25+ FoxP3- effector CD4 T cells (C), CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (D), or CD69+ CD8 T cells (E) in the Peyer’s Patches following treatment with culture medium (white bars) (N = 6), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars) (N = 6), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars) (N = 6), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars) (N = 6). Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the Students t-test. * represents P-values <0.05.
Figure 4.
Effects of administration of three types of bacterial strains on the small intestinal LP (SILP) dendritic cells.
Frequency of CD11c+ MHC II+ dendritic cells (A), CD103+ dendritic cells (B), CD80+ dendritic cells (C), or CD86+ dendritic cells (D) in the SILP following treatment with culture medium (white bars) (N = 6), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars) (N = 6), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars) (N = 6), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars) (N = 6). CD103, CD80, and CD86 frequencies are expressed as the frequency of cells within the CD11c+ MHC II+ population. Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the Students t- test. * represents P-values <0.05.
Figure 5.
Effects of administration of three types of bacterial strains on the small intestinal LP (SILP) T cells.
Ratio of regulatory T/effector T cells (A), frequency of CD25+ FoxP3- effector CD4 T cells (B), CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (C), CD69+ CD4 T cells (D), CD69+ CD8 T cells (E) in the SILP following treatment with culture medium (white bars) (N = 6), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars) (N = 6), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars) (N = 6), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars) (N = 6). Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the Students t- test. * represents P-values <0.05.
Table 3.
Gene expression levels in the small intestine lamina propria.
Figure 6.
Effects of administration of three types of bacterial strains on the large intestinal LP (LILP) T cells.
Frequency of CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (A), CD25+ FoxP3- effector CD4 T cells (B), ratio of regulatory T/effector T cells (C), CD69+ CD4 T cells (D), or CD69+ CD8 T cells (E) in the LILP following treatment with culture medium (white bars) (N = 6), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars) (N = 6), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars) (N = 6), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars) (N = 6). Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the Students t- test. * represents P-values <0.05.