Figure 1.
Tracking and arraying specimens.
The individuals in this figure have given written informed consent, as outlined in the POS consent form to the publication of their photograph. a) Specimen selection from drawer. b) Drawer with markers in 18 unit trays noting the original positions of specimens selected for analysis. c) Array box partially filled with specimens. d) Unit tray with 11 unanalyzed specimens and three markers for those selected for analysis.
Figure 2.
Analytical chain employed to process specimens.
The individuals in this figure have given written informed consent, as outlined in the POS consent form to the publication of their photograph. a) Digitization of label information. b) Two labels (DNA barcode, ANIC accession) added to each specimen. c) Photography. d) Tissue sampling.
Figure 3.
The tiers of PCR employed to recover barcode sequences from Lepidoptera specimens in ANIC.
Table 1.
Primer sets employed in amplification of the COI barcode region from Lepidoptera in ANIC.
Figure 4.
Heat map showing the collection sites for the 41,650 specimens of Lepidoptera analyzed in this study.
The numbers indicate the count for each state or territory.
Figure 5.
Variation in percentage success in recovery of four COI amplicons from 12,031 Lepidoptera specimens of varied age from ANIC.
Figure 6.
Impact of specimen age on the percentage of specimens yielding either a barcode compliant (≥487
bp) sequence or a partial barcode sequence. Results are those for 12,031 specimens of Lepidoptera from the first ANIC batch. These results reflect the overall sequence length after amplification of 307 bp, 407 bp, 609 bp and 658 bp amplicons followed by failure tracking for 164 bp, 189 bp, 259 bp amplicons.
Table 2.
Percentage of species with at least one barcode (≥487 bp) record versus most recent collection date following the analysis of varied numbers of specimens.
Figure 7.
The quality of sequences recovered from ANIC specimens in three age categories as measured by trace scores and by the number of uncertain base calls per kilobase.
Figure 8.
NJ tree (K2P) showing sequence divergence in the barcode region of COI for 42 specimens of Ethmia (Elachistidae) collected from 1957 to 2007.
Thirteen of the 14 species known from Australia are included.
Figure 9.
Variation in percentage of specimens yielding a sequence versus collection year and the length of these records for Lepidoptera from ANIC.
Figure 10.
Impact of variation in body size (mg) and specimen age on the mean length of barcode sequences recovered from specimens in 66 families of Lepidoptera sampled from ANIC.
Each circle represents a different family while the mean specimen age is the average for all species analyzed in a family. The mean body mass (mg) for species in a family are shown by colouration.
Figure 11.
Variation in the recovery of barcode compliant (≥487 bp) sequences from specimens of varying age collected by seven individuals who each contributed more than 750 of the specimens analyzed from ANIC.
Table 3.
Multiple regression analysis of the impact of specimen age, size, and collector on the length of the sequence recovered.
Figure 12.
Specimen page and sequence page for one of the 41,650 specimens analyzed from the ANIC Lepidoptera collection.