Figure 1.
Illustration of stimuli and experimental design.
(A) Two example objects on different context conditions. (B) Trial sequence. (C) Schematic of tested categories on each level of categorization. The arrow indicates pairs of categories that were tested against each other.
Table 1.
Mean reaction times (ms) and %-correct for categorization of different levels, animacy and context.
Figure 2.
Influence of “level” on ultra-rapid object categorization.
For each level (superordinate, basic and subordinate) the mean performance (A) and reaction times (B) are shown. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05 **p≤.01 ***p≤.001.
Figure 3.
Influence of “animacy” on ultra-rapid object categorization.
Performance (A) and reaction times (B) for animal and vehicle category are shown. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05, **p≤.01, ***p≤.001.
Figure 4.
Effect of context on object categorization.
The responses (percentage correct (A) and reaction times (B)) are shown for different context conditions. Objects were embedded in either a gray, upright or inverted context. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05, **p≤.01 ***, p≤.001.
Figure 5.
Interaction of level of categorization and different categories (animal and vehicle).
Performance (A) and reaction times (B) for animal and vehicle category on each level of categorization are shown. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05, **p≤.01, ***p≤.001.
Figure 6.
Interaction of level and context.
Higher accuracy was obtained for the gray context condition at the subordinate level. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05, **p≤.01, ***p≤.001.
Figure 7.
Interaction of animacy and context.
Reaction times for animal and vehicle categories in all three context conditions are shown. The bar graphs represent the calculated difference between animal and vehicle condition. Error bars represent the normalized 95% confidence intervals of the mean (Cousineau-Morey approach [47], [48]). *p<.05, **p≤.01, ***p≤.001.