Figure 1.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on mechanical hypersensitivity induced by CFA 50%.
On 1st and 14th days, evaluations were done 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 hours post-DCTN treatment; all other evaluations were done 1 hour post-treatment. Each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 8 animals and significance levels are indicated by *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 when compared to the CFA i.pl. group (two-way anova and Bonferroni post hoc test).
Figure 2.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on mechanical hypersensitivity induced by CFA 80%.
Panel A: time-course effect of DCTN evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 hours post-DCTN administration; each point represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 10 animals and significance levels are indicated by *p<0.05 and ***p<0.001 when compared to the CFA i.pl. group (two-way anova and Bonferroni post hoc test). Panel B: effect of DCTN on 7th and 10th days post-CFA injection, evaluated before DCTN administration (basal) and 1 hour post-DCTN administration; each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 10 animals and significance levels are indicated by ***p<0.001 when compared to control group and ##p<0.01 when compared to the respective basal of CFA i.pl. group (one-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test).
Figure 3.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on thermal hypersensitivity to cold (panel A) and heat (panel B), induced by CFA 80%.
Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 10 animals. Significance levels are indicated by *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 when compared to control group and #p<0.05 and ##p<0.01 when compared to the CFA i.pl. group (one-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test).
Figure 4.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN) administered by oral (100 mg/kg) or intraplantar (100 µg/paw) routes, or the TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810 by intraperitonial (30 mg/kg) or intraplantar (30 µg/paw) routes on capsaicin-induced nociception.
Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 6 - 8 animals, being column C indicative of control values. Significance levels are indicated by **p<0.01 when compared to control group (one-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test).
Figure 5.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN) administered by oral (100 mg/kg) or intraplantar (100 µg/paw) routes, or the TRPA1 antagonist camphor by subcutaneous (7.6 mg/kg) or intraplantar (3.8 µg/paw) routes on cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception.
Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 6 - 8 animals, being column C indicative of control values. Significance levels are indicated by ***p<0.001 when compared to control group (one-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test).
Figure 6.
Effect of S-(+)-dicentrine (DCTN) administered by oral route (10 - 100 mg/kg, panels A and B) or by intraplantar route (10 - 100 µg/paw, panels C and D), or the TRPA1 antagonist camphor by subcutaneous (7.6 mg/kg) or intraplantar (3.8 µg/paw) routes on cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception.
Panels A and C represents the spontaneous nociception (licking time) and panels B and D represents the hypersensitivity to cold (latency time to paw withdrawal). Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. of 6 - 8 animals, being column C indicative of control values (cinnamaldehyde i.pl. injection) and column V indicative of group receiving only vehicle i.pl. injection. Significance levels are indicated by ***p<0.001 when compared to vehicle (V) group and ##p<0.01 and ###p<0.001 when compared to respective control (C) groups, and the values above the symbols represent the percent of inhibition (one-way anova and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test).