Table 1.
Percent of seedlings colonized when grown with feces of deer and wild boar.
Table 2.
Fungal species identified on the seedling root tips, their host tree, and animal vector.
Figure 1.
Diagram of the hypothesized process of invasion by Pinaceae and their symbionts, with their main vectors.
Our results show that boar play a principal role in the dispersal of EM fungi, and deer may also play an important role. We did not test the role of wind; data are unclear on the role of wind on EM fungi dispersal.