Figure 1.
Location of the monitoring stations.
The three sub-basins of the Baltic Åland Sea (ÅS), Gulf of Finland (GF) and northern Baltic proper (NBP) are bordered with dashed lines.
Table 1.
Sampling and analysis methods of the environmental and plankton variables.
Figure 2.
Significant trends (p<0.05) in environmental (squares) and zooplankton parameters (triangles) in the northern Baltic proper from 1979 to 2011, and in phytoplankton (circles) from 1979 to 2008.
A Loess curve (solid line) is fitted, with a 95% confidence interval (dashed line).
Figure 3.
Significant trends (p<0.05) in environmental (squares) and zooplankton parameters (triangles) in the Gulf of Finland from 1979 to 2011, and in phytoplankton (circles) from 1979 to 2008.
A Loess curve (solid line) is fitted, with a 95% confidence interval (dashed line).
Figure 4.
Significant trends (p<0.05) in environmental (squares) and zooplankton parameters (triangles) in the Åland Sea from 1979 to 2011, and in phytoplankton (circles) from 1979 to 2008.
A Loess curve (solid line) is fitted, with a 95% confidence interval (dashed line).
Table 2.
Results of the Mann-Kendall test for detection of long-term trends.
Table 3.
Mann-Kendall trend test results for cladoceran and copepod abundance data divided into adults and juveniles or copepodites, respectively.
Figure 5.
Correlation plots of the redundancy analysis (RDA) on the relationship between environmental parameters (vectors) and plankton variables during 1979–2008.
Asterisks indicate statistical significance (p<0.05) of environmental variables. The plots display 15.5, 15.6 and 26.2% of the variance in the plankton data in the NBP, GF and ÅS, respectively, and eigenvalues of the first two axes are indicated by λ1 and λ2. Bac = Bacillariophyceae, Chl = Chlorophyceae, Chr = Chrysophyceae, Cry = Cryptophyceae, Cya = Cyanophyceae, Dino = Dinophyceae, Eug = Euglenophyceae, Pra = Prasinophyceae, Pry = Prymnesiophyceae, ACA = Acartia spp., EUB = Eubosmina spp., EUR = Eurytemora spp., EVA = Evadne spp., KER = Keratella spp., POD = Podon spp., SYN = Synchaeta spp.