Figure 1.
Analyses were restricted to gray matter masks.
CTA and VBM gray matter analyses were restricted to masks. (A–D) Cortical thickness masks for the left (A & B) and right (C & D) hemispheres, including lateral (A & C) and medial (B & D) views. (E–G) VBM masks of subcortical structures in coronal (E), sagittal (F) and axial (G) views.
Table 1.
TN Patient Demographic Information.
Figure 2.
Cortical thickness abnormalities in trigeminal neuralgia patients.
CTA revealed significant group differences in several cortical brain regions. Red clusters indicate thinner cortex in patients compared to controls (p<0.05, corrected). Prominent findings of cortical thinning in TN are shown in panels A–C, including graphs of mean cortical thickness values ± SEM (in mm): controls (black bars), patients (red bars). Areas of cortical thickening in TN are highlighted in panel D. Thinner cortex in TN was observed in: (A) the bilateral pgACC; graph illustrates thickness for left cluster; (B) the right insular cortex including the dpINS and the ventral aINS, and (C) the bilateral ventral OFC; graph illustrates thickness for right OFC cluster. TN patients had thicker cortex in (D) the bilateral FP and M1, and contralateral (left) S1; graphs illustrate thickness for right FP cluster and the inferior S1 cluster (putative face area). Abbreviations: LH = left hemisphere; RH = right hemisphere; R = right; L = left; pgACC = pregenual anterior cingulate cortex; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex; aINS = anterior insula; dpINS = dorsal posterior insula; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; FP = frontal pole; M1 = primary motor cortex; S1 = primary somatosensory cortex.
Table 2.
Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in TN.
Figure 3.
Regions of greater subcortical volume in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
VBM analysis revealed significant group differences in several subcortical brain regions. Significant results (p<0.05, corrected) are displayed on the MNI152 (2 mm) T1 brain template. Blue clusters indicate greater GM volume in patients compared to controls. Graphs of normalized GM volumes ± SEM are shown to the right of brain images: controls (black bars), patients (red bars). Increased patient GM volume was observed in: (A) the sensory thalamus, including the MD and VPM thalamus bilaterally; (B) the right amygdala; (C) a cluster spanning the right nucleus accumbens, anterior putamen and caudate; (D) the posterior putamen bilaterally; (E) the PAG (green box shows magnified region). Abbreviations: R = right; L = left; MD = medial dorsal nucleus (thalamus); VPM = ventral posterior medial nucleus (thalamus); NAc = nucleus accumbens; PAG = periaqueductal gray.
Table 3.
Subcortical Volume Abnormalities in TN.