Figure 1.
Map of the Lower Danube region showing the contrast between modelled [12] and observed thickness of the CI tephra (this study; [5]).
Inset shows the projected extent of >0.1 cm tephra thickness, based on data from [12].
Figure 2.
Location of Urluia loess deposit, southeastern Romania (a), and distribution and thickness of loess deposits in the lower Danube region (b; redrawn using data from from [57]).
Figure 3.
a. Photograph of the site. b. Stratigraphic section, showing luminescence ages and methods used. c. Magnetic susceptibility of the northwest and southeast loess profiles, showing frequency dependent (χfd) and magnetic low field susceptibility (χ,) as functions of stratigraphy below and above the tephra layer. Bulk χ reflects the concentration of the magnetisable fraction in sediments; χfd reflects the relative amount of pedogenetic and diagenetic neo-formation of ultrafine Fe-particles.
Figure 4.
Characteristics of the tephra at Urluia.
a. Geochemical profile of the Urluia tephra compared with CI data from Italy, eastern Europe and Mediterranean Sea cores [4], [8], [53], [66]. b. Photograph of the contact between the tephra and underlying loess deposits. c. Photomicrograph from scanning electron microscope (SEM) of tephra shards. d. Vegetation imprints at the basal contact of the tephra with the loess (looking upward), collected from the exposure at Urluia.
Table 1.
Geochemical analyses of major and minor element concentrations for tephra samples URL1 and URL2.
Table 2.
Luminescence dating data and age estimates for the CI tephra at the Urluia site.