Figure 1.
The location of sites mentioned in the text.
Inset: the location of Gibraltar on the Iberian Peninsula.
Table 1.
Breakdown of artefacts by raw material in Vanguard Cave Middle Area.
Table 2.
Lithic artefacts from Beefsteak Cave.
Figure 2.
Two Levallois cores in red chert from Ibex Cave.
A: recurrent bidirectional Levallois IBE 046. B: recurrent centripetal Levallois, IBE 053.
Table 3.
Proportions of platform preparation and retouch on flakes from Gorham’s Cave.
Table 4.
Breakdown of raw materials in the Mousterian layers of Gorham’s Cave.
Figure 3.
Two Mousterian cores from Gibraltar.
A: facetted centripetal disc core on rounded dark red chert from Gorham’s Cave Lower Bioturbated Sands member GOR95 200; B: quartzite unifacial cobble core from Gorham’s Cave Layer IV GOR00 72.
Figure 4.
Levallois cores from Gibraltar.
A: Gorham’s Cave Waechter’s Layer P, recurrent unidirectional Levallois on chert. B: Gorham’s Cave Sands and Stony Lenses member GOR98 925, recurrent bidirectional Levallois on chert. C: Gorham’s Cave Waechter Layer M, recurrent centripetal Levallois on chert. D: Ibex Cave 046, recurrent unidirectional Levallois on jasper.
Table 5.
Mann-Whitney U tests comparing flake scar density in scars per cm2, weight in grams, platform angle in degrees and platform size in mm2 between formal and informal cores.
Table 6.
Breakdown of raw material type for formal and informal cores from Gibraltar.
Table 7.
Breakdown of different flake types for the non-lcoal honey coloured chert and local chert from Gorham’s Cave.
Table 8.
The frequencies of unprepared and prepared platforms on flakes from Gorham’s Cave.
Figure 5.
Mean summed component 1 and 2 values for different core types.
Note that unidirectional and multiplatform technologies tend to have positive values, while radial technologies tend to have negative values.
Figure 6.
Mean summed component 1 and 2 values for different raw materials.
Note that coarser grained materials tend to have higher values and finer grained materials tend to lower negative values.
Table 9.
The Matrix of the first two components in the Principal Component’s Analysis.
Figure 7.
Scatter plot of the first two principal components.
Note that most cores are concentrated in the bottom left of the distribution. Both the two cores from Beefsteak Cave and the two cores from Ibex Cave occur close to each other. The cores from Vanguard Cave and the cores from Gorham’s Layer IV and UBSm are not concentrated in the bottom left of the distribution, indicating their more expedient nature.