Table 1.
Number of farm households sampled in India in four survey rounds.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of farm households.
Figure 1.
Density functions of household calorie consumption for adopters and non-adopters of Bt cotton.
Functions were estimated non-parametrically using the Epanechnikov kernel with 1085 and 346 observations for adopting and non-adopting households, respectively. AE: adult equivalent.
Table 3.
Bt cotton area among adopting households.
Figure 2.
Net effects of Bt adoption on household calorie consumption.
Results based on calorie consumption regression models estimated with panel data and household fixed effects (within estimator). Full model results are shown in Table 4. Calories from more nutritious foods include pulses, fruits, vegetables, and animal products. Effects for the average adopting household take into account the number of ha of Bt cotton actually grown. **Significant at the 5% level. ***Significant at the 1% level.
Table 4.
Calorie consumption models.
Table 5.
Impact of Bt adoption on food security among cotton-producing households.
Table 6.
Robustness checks of Bt effects with different model specifications.