Figure 1.
Illustration of one-dimensional buckyball chain setup as an impact protector.
Figure 2.
Normalized force time history and impactor velocity history of C60 chain containing 100 buckyballs, when the impact energy is 6.49 eV and impact speed is 500 m/s.
Figure 3.
The normalized force distribution on selected buckyballs in C60 and C720 chain systems.
Figure 4.
Normalized force history and impactor velocity history of C720 chain containing 100 buckyballs, when the impact energy is 6.49 eV and impact speed is 500 m/s.
Figure 5.
Force reduction ratio and normalized wave propagation speed
under various impact speeds (
) with fixed impact mass (
), as well as various impact masses (
) with fixed impact speed (
) for C60 chain system containing 100 buckyballs.
Nonlinear models are suggested to fit the computational data.
Figure 6.
Force reduction ratio and normalized wave propagation speed
under various impact speeds (
) with fixed impact mass (
), as well as various impact masses (
) with fixed impact speed (
) for C720 chain system containing 100 buckyballs.
Nonlinear models are suggested to fit the computational data.
Figure 7.
The impulse duration ratios between the impactor and receiver for various buckyballs including C60, C180, C240, C320, C540 and C720 by normalized buckyball radii
at the impact speed of 500 m/s with the same
value in each buckyball.
Figure 8.
Relations between energy absorption rate and buckyball number for both C60 and C720 systems at the impact speed for C60 chain system and
for C720 chain system, and the impact mass of
for both systems.