Table 1.
Average (±S.D.) values of the selected environmental variables from the 26 study sites.
Figure 1.
Distance decay in ground beetle assemblages’ dissimilarity.
Distance dissimilarity plots representing the relationship between ground beetle assemblage dissimilarity and geographic distance. βtotal, βrepl and βrich were used as measures of overall beta diversity, beta diversity due to species replacement and beta diversity due to richness differences, respectively.
Figure 2.
Variation of βrepl and βrich dissimilarity explained by environmental and spatial variables and their shared effects.
Venn diagrams showing the results of the variation partitioning procedure carried out on the forward selected environmental and spatial (Moran’s eigenvector maps) variables for both components of beta diversity: βrepl and βrich.
Figure 3.
Geographic structure of differences in species richness (βrich) and composition (βrepl) among assemblages by MEM variables at different spatial scales.
Spatial representation of the selected MEM variables used to define the spatial models for the dissimilarity matrices βrepl (MEMs 1, 3 and 11) and βrich (MEMs 8, 9). Each circle represents the position of a local assemblage (in a geographic coordinate system). For the selected MEM variables, white circles represent negative scores and black circles represent positive scores. Circle size is proportional to the absolute value of the site scores. MEM variables represent broad (a, b) and fine (c, d, e) spatial scales.