Table 1.
Demographic and stroke characteristics.
Figure 1.
Bilateral training for therapy and the activities cycle in the 20-training sessions.
a: grasping the sponge; b: moving the bowl; c: pushing the basketball; d: simulated drinking; e: the activities cycle in the 20-training sessions.
Figure 2.
The lesion overlap of the patients.
Lesion of each patient is drawn on each patient’s native space, and then normalized to the MNI space. The red means the number of lesions overlapped is 1, the yellow means 2 and the white means 3. L: the left hemisphere; R: the right hemisphere.
Figure 3.
behavior data showing training clinical recovery.
A: FMA score of the affected hand (p<0.001); B: ARAT score of the affected hand (p = 0.003); C MAS score of the affected hand (p<0.001). Error bars: standard error of the mean.
Figure 4.
BOLD signal changes for affected hand movement at p<0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons).
First row: HC: brain activity for health controls; before: brain activity of patients before therapy; after: brain activity of patients after therapy; Second row: before-HC: brain activity of the difference between patients before therapy and healthy controls; after-HC: brain activity of the difference between patients after therapy and healthy controls; after-before: brain activity of the difference between patients before therapy and after therapy. Hot color indicates increased activity, and winter color indicates decreased activity. L: the left hemisphere; R: the right hemisphere.
Table 2.
Cortex activity in stroke patients compared to healthy group before therapy.
Table 3.
Cortex activity in stroke patients compared to healthy group after therapy.
Figure 5.
FA changes between the ipsilesional and contralesional hemisphere at p<0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons).
Figure 5a: the difference between the ipsilesional hemisphere and contralesional hemisphere before therapy; Figure 5b: the difference between the ipsilesional hemisphere and contralesional hemisphere after therapy; Figure 5c: the longitudinal changes of FA in the ipsilesional hemisphere; Figure 5d: the longitudinal changes of FA in the ipsilesional hemisphere. The winter color indicates the FA in the first hemisphere is smaller than the second one. L: the left hemisphere; R: the right hemisphere.
Figure 6.
The correlation between the cortex activities and the FAasy at p<0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons).
Right: the correlation before therapy. Left: the correlation after therapy. The hot color indicates the positive correlation between the cortex activities and the FAasy; the winter color indicates the negative correlation between the cortex activities and the FAasy. L: the left hemisphere; R: the right hemisphere.
Table 4.
Correlation between cortex activity and the FAasy in stroke patients before therapy.
Table 5.
Correlation between cortex activity and the FAasy in stroke patients after therapy.