Table 1.
Demographic information and clinical measures of the NC, aMCI, and AD groups.
Figure 1.
Cortical representation of the 8 resting state networks (RSNs) identified by independent component analysis.
Data are displayed on the lateral and medial surfaces of the left and right hemispheres of a brain surface map using CARET software [106]. The color scale represents T values in each RSN. Abbreviations: aDMN, anterior default mode network; AN, auditory network; LFP, left frontoparietal network; Pcu, precuneus network; pDMN, posterior default mode network; RFP, right frontoparietal network; SMN, sensorimotor network; VN, visual network.
Figure 2.
Group differences in functional network connectivity (FNC).
The x-axis represents the pairs of networks, and the y-axis represents the strength of the FNC. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means. *P<0.05, uncorrected; **P<0.05, Bonferroni corrected. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; aDMN, anterior default mode network; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; LFP, left frontoparietal network; NC, normal controls; pDMN, posterior default mode network; VN, visual network.
Figure 3.
Brain regions with significant differences in the intra-network FC across groups.
Abbreviations: FC, functional connectivity; L, left; LFP, left frontoparietal network; Pcu, precuneus network; pDMN, posterior default mode network; R, right.
Figure 4.
FC differences within the RSNs across groups without (A) and with (B) GMV correction.
The x-axis represents the brain regions of the RSNs (parenthesis), and the y-axis represents the strength of intra-network FC. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means. *P<0.05, uncorrected; **P<0.05, Bonferroni correction. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; B, bilateral; FC, Functional connectivity; GMV, grey matter volume; L, left; LFP, left frontoparietal network; NC, normal controls; Pcu, precuneus; pDMN, posterior default mode network; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; R, right; SPL, superior parietal lobule.
Table 2.
Brain areas with significant differences in FC across groups.
Figure 5.
ALFF differences within the RSNs across groups without (A) and with (B) GMV correction.
The x-axis represents the brain regions of the RSNs (parenthesis), and the y-axis represents the ALFF. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means. *P<0.05, uncorrected; **P<0.05, Bonferroni corrected. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; B, bilateral; GMV, grey matter volume; L, left; LFP, left frontoparietal network; NC, normal controls; Pcu, precuneus; pDMN, posterior default mode network; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; R, right; SPL, superior parietal lobule.
Figure 6.
Grey matter volume (GMV) differences within the RSNs across groups.
The x-axis represents the brain regions of the RSNs (parenthesis), and the y-axis represents the GMV. Error bars indicate the standard errors of the means. *P<0.05, uncorrected; **P<0.05, Bonferroni corrected. Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; B, bilateral; L, left; LFP, left frontoparietal network; NC, normal controls; Pcu, precuneus; pDMN, posterior default mode network; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; R, right; SPL, superior parietal lobule.
Figure 7.
Scatter plots of FNCs versus MMSE scores.
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; aDMN, anterior default-mode network; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; FNC, functional network connectivity; LFP, left frontoparietal network; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; pDMN, posterior default mode network; PCC, partial correlation coefficient; VN, visual network.
Figure 8.
Scatter plots of intra-network FCs (A), ALFFs (B), and GMVs (C) versus MMSE scores.
The circles represent the Alzheimer’s disease subjects and the squares represent the amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects. Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; B, bilateral; FC, functional connectivity; GMV, grey matter volume; L, left; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PCC, partial correlation coefficient; PCCa, posterior cingulate cortex; Pcu, precuneus; R, right; SPL, superior parietal lobule.
Table 3.
Correlations between MMSEs and FNCs.
Table 4.
Correlations between MMSE scores and functional/structural indices.