Table 1.
Summary of the study population (N = 68).
Figure 1.
Comparison of the vaginal microbiotas of the study population.
(A) Heatmap of abundances of members of the vaginal microbiota; red indicates a high proportion and blue shows a low proportion. (B) Comparison of HPV-negative women (N = 26) and HPV-positive those (N = 19) without CIN. (C) Comparison of HPV-negative (N = 26) and women infected with high-risk HPV types (N = 13) without CIN.
Figure 2.
The effect of menopause on the vaginal microbiota.
(A) Rarefaction curves for postmenopausal women (N = 18) and premenopausal women without either HPV infection or CIN (N = 26). (B) Microbiological markers of postmenopausal (N = 18) and premenopausal women without either HPV infection or CIN (N = 26) by LEfSe.
Figure 3.
A comparison of the vaginal microbiota among nine HPV infection-discordant twin pairs (N = 18).
(A) Heatmap of the vaginal microbiota at the species levels of HPV infection-discordant MZ twin pairs (N = 9 each for HPV [+] and [−]). (B) Rarefaction curve for the vaginal microbiota (mean ±95% confidence interval) of nine HPV infection-discordant MZ twin pairs (N = 18). (C) Average weighted UniFrac distance between the discordant MZ twin pairs (nine pairs [N = 18]) (***P<10−8). (D) HPV-negative and HPV-positive women in nine MZ HPV-discordant twin pairs (N = 18).
Figure 4.
Average weighted (A) and unweighted (B) UniFrac distances between twin pairs, twins and mothers, and unrelated individuals (Student’s t-test; mean ± SEM; *P<0.05, **P<10−4,; MZ = 13 pairs (N = 26), MZ’s mother = 8, MZ’s sister = 8).