Table 1.
Primers sequences for ACE, ACE2 and β-actin.
Figure 1.
Effects of BCM7 on average food intake (A) and water intake (B) in rats (n = 8).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM. (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 comparison between C group and D group.
Figure 2.
Effects of BCM7 on average daily gain (A) and plasma glucose (B) in rats (n = 8).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 8). (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 comparison between C group and D group. # P<0.01, ## P<0.01 comparison between D group and BCM7.
Figure 3.
Effects of BCM7 on plasma insulin (A) and plasma glucagon (B) in rats (n = 8).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 8). (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, comparison between C group and D group. #P<0.05, comparison between D group and BCM7.
Table 2.
Effect of BCM7 on SOD, GPx, T-AOC, MDA and H2O2 in kidney of rats.
Figure 4.
SOD activity in the NRK-52E cells (n = 4).
NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), MBCM7(high glucose plus 10−7 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), LBCM7(high glucose plus 10−9 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), HL(high glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan), ML(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L losartan), LL(high glucose plus 10−6 mol/L losartan), NL(normal glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with NG, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with HG.
Figure 5.
GPx activity in the NRK-52E cells (n = 4).
NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), MBCM7(high glucose plus 10−7 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), LBCM7(high glucose plus 10−9 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), HL(high glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan), ML(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L losartan), LL(high glucose plus 10−6 mol/L losartan), NL(normal glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with NG, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with HG.
Figure 6.
Content of MDA in the NRK-52E cells (n = 4).
NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L β-casomorphin-7),MBCM7(high glucose plus 10−7 mol/L β-casomorphin-7),LBCM7(high glucose plus 10−9 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), HL(high glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan), ML(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L losartan), LL(high glucose plus 10−6 mol/L losartan), NL(normal glucose plus 10−4 mol/L losartan). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with NG, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with HG.
Figure 7.
The level of Ang II in the kidney (n = 8) and NRK-52E cells (n = 4).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM. (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group; NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10−5 mol/L β-casomorphin-7),MBCM7(high glucose plus 10−7 mol/L β-casomorphin-7),LBCM7(high glucose plus 10−9 mol/L β-casomorphin-7), **P<0.01, comparison between C group and D group. #P<0.05, comparison between D group and BCM7.
Figure 8.
Changes of ACE2 and ACE in the kidney (n = 8).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 8). (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, comparison between C group and D group. #P<0.05, comparison between D group and BCM7.
Figure 9.
Changes of ACE and ACE2 protein in the kidney (n = 8).
Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 8). (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, comparison between C group and D group. #P<0.05, comparison between D group and BCM7.