Figure 1.
Search and selection of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of prospective cohort studies included in the meta-analysis of orthostatic hypotension and incident heart failure.
Table 2.
Congestive heart failure outcome definitions and follow up data in the prospective cohort studies included in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2.
Adjusted hazard ratio of congestive heart failure in subjects with orthostatic hypotension at baseline compared those without orthostatic hypotension.
CI, denotes confidence interval; the size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance – IV).
Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis.
Figure 3.
Adjusted hazard ratio of congestive heart failure in subjects with orthostatic hypotension at baseline compared those without orthostatic hypotension stratified by the age ranges (A) and gender (B) of the subjects.
CI, denotes confidence interval; the size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance – IV).
Figure 4.
Adjusted hazard ratio of congestive heart failure in subjects with orthostatic hypotension at baseline compared those without orthostatic hypotension stratified by the comorbidities of hypertension (A) and diabetes mellitus (B) of the subjects.
CI, denotes confidence interval; the size of each square is proportional to the study’s weight (inverse of variance – IV).
Figure 5.
Funnel plots with trim and fill.
The black dots present the identified studies included in the meta-analysis; the empty dot presents the estimated missing study after adjustment for publication bias.