Table 1.
Contribution (%) of each bioclimatic variable to the PCA analysis.
Figure 1.
Geographic distribution of wild (104 accessions) and cultivated (297 accessions) common bean accessions (A), and precipitation during the driest period along the geographic range of wild common bean (B).
A dispersion diagram between the estimated drought index using the potential evapo-transpiration (PET) of Thornthwaite and the estimated drought index using the PET of Hamon is presented in B. Populations definition as in Blair et al. [26] and Broughton et al. [27].
Figure 2.
Temporal variation of precipitation (bars), maximum temperature (red squares) and minimum temperature (blue squares) in different representative regions: A. Mexico (−102° latitude, 20° longitude), B. Guatemala (−90°, 14°), C. Colombia (−74°, 4°), D. Ecuador-North Peru (−80°, −4°) and E. Argentina (−65°, −24°).
Table 2.
Pairwise comparisons of significant variation for each bioclimatic variable, component and drought severity estimator in relation with population structure (p-value<0,001).
Figure 3.
Scatter plots for: A.mean annual precipitation (P12) and precipitation of the driest period (P14), B. mean annual precipitation (P12) and precipitation of the wettest period (P13), C. mean and maximum Thornthwaite Drought Index (DI), D. mean and maximum Hamon DI, E. two main components of the PCA for all bioclimatic variables (P1–P19– table 1), F. two main components of the PCA for precipitation related bioclimatic variables (P12–P19– table 1), and G. two main components of the PCA for drought-related bioclimatic variables (table 1).
Arrows indicate the increase in the estimated drought stress for each component. Wild populations: M: Mesoamerican, G: Guatemala, C: Colombia, E: Ecuador-North Peru and A: Andean. Numbers in E, F and G are percentage of explained variation by each component.
Table 3.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r – above the diagonal) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (ρ – below the diagonal) among some representative climatic variables, components and drought severity estimators.