Table 1.
Sydowia japonica isolates used in this study.
Figure 1.
Diagram of microsporogenesis of Japanese cedar and behavior of S. japonica on male strobili in each month until the end of pollen dispersal season in the field facilities of FFPRI in Tsukuba, Japan. Black arrow indicates the treatment date.
Figure 2.
Mycelial growth of Sydowia japonica.
Colony diameters of seven isolates were measured after two weeks’ growth on 2% MA at the indicated temperatures. Error bars represent ± standard error.
Figure 3.
Stereomicrographs of male strobili of Japanese cedar treated with Sydowia japonica.
A. Treated Japanese cedar male strobili, about four months after treatment (middle of March, 2012) (bar = 5 mm). B. Hyphae under a microsporophyll (arrow), about four months after treatment (bar = 100 µm). C. Vertical section of a treated male strobilus and white hyphae of S. japonica around each pollen sac, about four months after treatment (bar = 500 µm). D. White hyphae of S. japonica around a pollen sac, about four months after treatment (bar = 500 µm). E. Pollen infected by hyphae of S. japonica (arrows), about four months after treatment (bar = 50 µm). F. Treated Japanese cedar male strobili, about six months after treatment (end of April, 2012) (bar = 5 mm). G. Conidial fructifications, acervuli, of S. japonica on a treated male strobilus, about six months after treatment (bar = 100 µm). H. Vertical section of a treated male strobilus and black stromata of S. japonica around each pollen sacs, about six months after treatment (bar = 200 µm).
Table 2.
Field trial of Sydowia japonica for prevention of pollen dispersal in Japanese cedar.
Figure 4.
Scanning electron micrographs of male strobili of Japanese cedar treated with Sydowia japonica.
A. Surface of a treated male strobilus and mycelia of S. japonica (arrows), about one month after treatment (beginning of December, 2011) (bar = 500 µm). B. Germinating hyphal fragment and conidia on surface of a male strobilus, about one month after treatment (bar = 50 µm). C. Hyphae on surface of a pollen sac, about one month after treatment (bar = 60 µm). D. Hyphae penetrating into a pollen sac (ps), about one month after treatment (bar = 10 µm). E. Hyphae penetrating into a pollen sac (ps) and pollen, about one month after treatment (bar = 50 µm). F. Hyphae penetrating into pollen, about one month after treatment (bar = 50 µm). G. Hyphal “net” (arrow) under a microsporophyll, about three months after treatment (middle of February, 2012) (bar = 100 µm). H. Pollen infected by hyphae of S. japonica, about six months after treatment (end of April, 2012) (bar = 50 µm). I. Pollen infected by hyphae of S. japonica, about six months after treatment (bar = 10 µm). J. Axis infected by hyphae of S. japonica (arrow), about six months after treatment (bar = 200 µm).