Figure 1.
Map of the Dahalokely tokana holotype locality.
Schematic geological map of a portion of the Diego Basin in northern Madagascar, with outcrops of sedimentary rocks of medial and Late Cretaceous age shown in gray. The general locality for the holotype of Dahalokely tokana (UA 9855) is indicated by the area within the circle. The inset map shows the location of the region within Madagascar. Modified after Rerat [50], de Saint Ours and Rerat [51], and de Saint Ours et al. [52].
Table 1.
Selected measurements in millimeters of the vertebrae from the Dahalokely tokana holotype, UA 8678.
Table 2.
Selected measurements in millimeters of the ribs from the Dahalokely tokana holotype, UA 8678.
Figure 2.
Dahalokely tokana, holotype (UA 9855).
A, reconstructed silhouette with preserved elements indicated in white. Cervical vertebra (C?5) in B, cranial; C, left lateral; and D, dorsal views. Dorsal vertebra (D?2) in E, cranial; F, left lateral, and G, dorsal views. Dorsal vertebra (D?6) in H, cranial; I, left lateral; and J, dorsal views. Abbreviations: cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; didfs, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossa; diprfs, dorsal infraprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; ha, hypantrum; ho, hyposphene; idfs, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfr, infraprezygapophyseal foramen; iprfs, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; lpfr, laminopeduncular foramen; ns, neural spine; pfr, pneumatic foramen; posf, postspinal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prel, prezygoepipophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; vidfs, ventral infradiapophyseal fossa; viprfs, ventral infraprezygapophyseal fossa.
Figure 3.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?fifth cervical (C?5) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; idfs, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfr, infraprezygapophyseal foramen; lpfr, laminopeduncular foramen; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prel, prezygoepipophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina.
Figure 4.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?first dorsal (D?1) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; crcdl, cranial centrodiapophyseal lamina; idfs, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfs, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; lpfr, laminopeduncular foramen; pfr, pneumatic foramen; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa.
Figure 5.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?second dorsal (D?2) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; crcdl, cranial centrodiapophyseal lamina; idfs, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfs, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; lpfr, laminopeduncular foramen; lpfs, laminopeduncular fossa; pfr, pneumatic foramen; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa.
Figure 6.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?sixth dorsal (D?6) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; capdl, caudal paradiapophyseal lamina; crcpl, cranial centroparapophyseal lamina; didfs, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossa; diprfs, dorsal infraprezygapophyseal fossa; dpdl, dorsal paradiapophyseal lamina; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygadiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; vidfs, ventral infradiapophyseal fossa; viprfs, ventral infraprezygapophysesal fossa.
Figure 7.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?seventh dorsal (D?7) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; capdl, caudal paradiapophyseal lamina; crcpl, cranial centroparapophyseal lamina; didfs, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossa; diprfs, dorsal infraprezygapophyseal fossa; dpdl, dorsal paradiapophyseal lamina; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygadiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; vidfs, ventral infradiapophyseal fossa; viprfs, ventral infraprezygapophysesal fossa.
Figure 8.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?eighth dorsal (D?8) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; capdl, caudal paradiapophyseal lamina; crcpl, cranial centroparapophyseal lamina; didfs, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossa; diprfs, dorsal infraprezygapophyseal fossa; dpdl, dorsal paradiapophyseal lamina; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; podl, postzygadiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; vidfs, ventral infradiapophyseal fossa; viprfs, ventral infraprezygapophysesal fossa.
Figure 9.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?ninth dorsal (D?9) vertebra.
Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; capdl, caudal paradiapophyseal lamina; crcpl, cranial centroparapophyseal lamina; didfs, dorsal infradiapophyseal fossa; dpdl, dorsal paradiapophyseal lamina; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfs, infraprezygapophysesal fossa; podl, postzygadiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa; vidfs, ventral infradiapophyseal fossa.
Figure 10.
Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), dorsal ribs. ?
Second dorsal rib (DR?2) of Dahalokely tokana in A, craniolateral; and B, caudomedial views. Proximal ends of dorsal ribs in craniolateral (C, E, G, I) and caudomedial (D, F, H, J) views; K, other rib fragments associated with UA 9855.
Figure 11.
Topology is based on a reduced strict consensus tree from the phylogenetic analysis, with non-abelisaurids removed (see Figure S6 for full tree). The black bars for each taxon represent uncertainty in age, rather than known duration. The node labeled “I-M” indicates the clade of abelisaurids exclusive to Indo-Madagascar, whereas its sister clade “SA” is exclusive to South America.