Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of pepper cultivars, developed by the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center).
Figure 1.
Mature red and yellow pepper lines used in this study.
Top two lines (red cultivars): (A) CK6, (B) CK8, (C) R29, (D) R37, (E) R28, (F) R30, (G) R26, (H) R38; bottom two lines (yellow cultivars): (I) P123-1-1, (J) CK4, (K) CK4-1, (L) CK18, (M) CK7, (N) CK26-1, (O) R12, (P) R19.
Figure 2.
The clustering pattern obtained for all 156 pepper cultivars examined in this study using SSR analysis.
The novel yellow ripe-color pepper line, CK7, is marked with an asterisk.
Figure 3.
PCR amplification of the Ccs gene and its promoters from the genomes of the indicated Capsicum varieties.
The order of the pepper lines is the same as in Figure 1, and the mature fruit colors are indicated with red and yellow highlighting.
Figure 4.
Comparisons of the Ccs coding sequences in the indicated Capsicum varieties.
(A) Schematic representation of the mutations in Ccs among different cultivars. The nucleotide sequences were aligned, and the resulting missense mutations in the amino acid sequence are marked with asterisks. The 1-bp deletion in the coding sequence, which leads to early translation-termination, is underlined in the CK7 sequence. ATG and TGA indicate the start and stop codons, respectively. (B) Phylogenetic tree of the Ccs gene generated by multiple alignments of the coding sequence. The sequence of CcsW, which served as the positive control, was obtained from the NCBI (Accession: ×76165), and the sequence of CcsFogo was obtained from Guzman et al. [11] (GenBank GU122933).
Figure 5.
Total RNA obtained from immature and mature pericarps of R28, R30, R26, R38, CK7 and CK18 was used for quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Each result represents the average of three independent biological replicates ± SE (n = 3), with a significance level of P≤0.05.
Figure 6.
Sequence comparisons in the Ccs promoter region among the Capsicum varieties examined in this study.
The boxes (red, purple, yellow and blue) indicate the four repeat units found in this region. Major cis–elements as predicted by PLACE and PlantCARE softeare are underlined.
Table 2.
Specific putative cis-acting elements in the promoter of Ccs from C. chinense accession.