Figure 1.
Scanning micrographs of the fruit surface.
(A) Papillae on pericarp surface of Chenopodium giganteum (200x); (B) Papillae on pericarp surface of Chenopodium nevadense (250x); (C) Papillae on pericarp of dry (not soaked) fruits of Oxybasis urbica (200x); (D) Papillae on pericarp of O. urbica after standart sample preparation (200x); (E) Tiny papillae on pericarp of Chenopodiastrum hybridum (500x); (F) Mamillate pericarp ultrasculpture of Blitum californicum (200x); (G) Striate pericarp ultrasculpture of Oxybasis glauca (50x); (H) Fruit of Chenopodium nesodendron enclosed by perianth. Stylodia fallen off; swelling is seen at the apex of the fruit (50x).
Figure 2.
Fruit structure in cross-sections.
(A) Cross-section in the central part of the fruit of Chenopodium nesodendron; (B) Common seed outline on example of Blitum californicum with alveolate testa; (C) Seed shape of Blitum virgatum; (D) Cross-section of fruit and seed of Chenopodium album. Starch grains are visible in the pericarp cells; testa cells with stalactites; (E) Cross-section of fruit and seed of Oxybasis chenopodioides; (F) Cross-section of fruit and seed of Blitum californicum. The protoplast in the cells of testa is easily visible. Abbreviations: p – pericarp; t – testa; it – integumental tapetum (tegmen); pe – perisperm; co – cotyledon; ra – radicle; sc – seed coat (testa+integumental tapetum); vb – vascular bundles in cotyledon; en – small strip of endosperm around the embryo radicle.
Figure 3.
Scan micrographs of the fruits.
(A) Papillae on pericarp surface of Dysphania procera (1000x); (B) Pericarp surface of D. congolana (200x); (C) Tiny papillae on pericarp surface of D. pseudomultiflora (1000x); (D) Glandular trichomes on the pericarp surface of D. chilensis (500x); (E) Glandular trichomes on the pericarp surface of D. multifida (1000x); (F) Glandular trichomes and central parts of curved simple hairs on the pericarp surface of Cycloloma atriplicifolium (500x); (G) Simple curved hairs on the pericarp surface of C. atriplicifolium (200x); (H) Cross-section of the pericarp and seed coat of Blitum atriplicinum (1000x) showing acicular outhgrowths of the testa cells. Abbreviations: p – pericarp; t – testa; to – testa outgrowths; it – integumental tapetum; cu – cuticle between integumental tapetum and perisperm.
Figure 4.
MP reconstruction of seed colour.
ITS/BI topology (Fuentez-Bazan & al., 2012a).
Figure 5.
MP reconstruction of seed colour.
trnL-F/BI topology (Fuentez-Bazan & al., 2012a).
Figure 6.
MP reconstruction of the protoplast size of the testa cells.
ITS/BI topology (Fuentez-Bazan & al., 2012a).
Figure 7.
MP reconstruction of the protoplast size of the testa cells.
trnL-F/BI topology (Fuentez-Bazan & al., 2012a).
Figure 8.
MP reconstruction of the orientation of the embryo.
ITS/BI topology (Fuentez-Bazan et &., 2012a).
Figure 9.
MP reconstruction of the orientation of the embryo.
trnL-F/BI topology topology (Fuentez-Bazan & al., 2012a).