Table 1.
Search terms.
Figure 1.
Footnote: * Of the final 26 studies in the review, one comprised two separate populations [10], which are treated as two different studies in all further analyses.
Table 2.
Methods of assessment, target population, and exclusion criteria in studies of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS).
Table 3.
Characteristics of patients enrolled in studies of the HIV Dementia Scale (HDS) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS).
Figure 2.
Methodology and reporting of reviewed studies: A, the HIV Dementia Scale; B, International HIV Dementia Scale.
Olive-green bars indicate fulfilment of study quality criteria, red bars indicate non-fulfilment, and blue bars indicate that this feature was not reported or available from correspondence with the study author. The study by Skinner et al [13] applied both scales to the same patient sample and is represented in both graphs A and B. HAND: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Table 4.
Estimates of diagnostic accuracy reported in studies in the review.
Figure 3.
Receiver-operator characteristic curve calculated from summary diagnostic odds ratio for the HIV Dementia Scale.
Blue checks indicate sensitivity and specificity estimates from individual studies using comprehensive reference standards, labelled by first author. Red circles indicate studies using neuropsychological (NP) test batteries or brief NP tests as the reference standard, again labelled by first author. Solid diamonds indicate predicted values based on pooled sensitivity and summary diagnostic odds ratio. A, Reference standard = AIDS dementia complex, HIV-associated dementia, or severe impairment on NP battery. B, Reference standard = mild neurocognitive disorder, minor cognitive/motor disorder, or moderate impairment on NP battery. CI: confidence interval; DOR: diagnostic odds ratio.
Figure 4.
Receiver-operator characteristic curve calculated from summary diagnostic odds ratio for the International HIV Dementia Scale.
Blue checks indicate sensitivity and specificity estimates from individual studies, labelled by first author. Crosses labelled “Sacktor Uganda” and “Sacktor US” correspond to two separate studies published in a single paper [10]. The cross labelled “Sacktor MCN” corresponds to baseline data from a multicentre trial of minocycline for treatment of cognitive impairment [77]. The two points labelled “Meyer” are derived from the same study [75]; “(Frascati)” and “(MSK)” denote the reference standard in each case. Red circles indicate studies using neuropsychological (NP) test batteries or brief NP tests as the reference standard, again labelled by first author. Solid diamonds indicate predicted values based on pooled sensitivity and summary diagnostic odds ratio. A, Reference standard = AIDS dementia complex, HIV-associated dementia, or severe neurocognitive impairment. B, Reference standard = mild neurocognitive disorder, minor cognitive/motor disorder, or mild/moderate neurocognitive impairment. CI: confidence interval; DOR: diagnostic odds ratio.