Table 1.
Difference of closely related multiple AhGLPs.
Figure 1.
Expression patterns of peanut AhGLPs in various tissues/organs and developmental stages.
Expression patterns of AhGLPs were examined in (A) developing pods at 1, 4, 15 and 35 days after penetration into soil, (B) seeds at 1 hour, 1, 3 and 5 days after germination, (C) roots, stems and leaves of 14-day-old seedlings, and (D) roots, flower buds and flowers during flowering. Transcript abundance detected using qRT-PCR was normalized to expression of actin gene. Numbers (1–8) inside boxes correspond to AhGLP1, AhGLP2, AhGLP3b, AhGLP4, AhGLP5b, AhGLP6, AhGLP7b and AhGLP8, respectively. Expression levels are color-coded on the bottom bar. Green color indicates the down-regulation of gene expression, red color indicates the up-regulation of gene expression, black indicates the RNA levels unchanged.
Figure 2.
Subcellular localization of AhGLPs-GFP proteins in onion epidermal cells.
Localization of AhGLPs-GFP fusion protein. Control: fluorescence of onion epidermal cells under empty vector. 35S-smGFP: onion epidermal cells expressing the GFP gene only driven by he 35S promoter. GFP fluorescence and differential interference contrast images and Visible/GFP merged images are shown from left to right.
Figure 3.
Expression of AhGLPs in response to A. flavus infection in pre - and post- harvested peanut seeds.
A: Con: control; Dt: drought stress; Ad: A. flavus infection under drought stress condition; B: Changes of the expression of AhGLP family genes in damp-dry peanut seed with 20% RH (relative humidity) under A. flavus infection. Con: control; A. f: A. flavus infection.
Figure 4.
Differential expression of peanut AhGLP genes in response to various abiotic, biotic and hormone treatment conditions.
AhGLPs transcript abundance was detected by qRT-PCR analysis. Con1 and Con2: control sample of seedling leaf and root to abiotic stresses, respectively; Con3: control of 100-day-old peanut plant leaf to biotic stresses; Con4: control of seedling leaf to hormone treatments; Wnd: wound treatment; Numbers below bars correspond to duration of treatments (h); SA: salicylic acid; ABA: abscisic acid.
Figure 5.
Venn diagram representing the expression profiles of AhGLP genes commonly or specifically regulated by various environmental stimuli, including plant hormones, abiotic stress and/or biotic stress in peanut leaves.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 were AhGLP1, AhGLP1, AhGLP2, AhGLP3, AhGLP4, AhGLP5, AhGLP6, AhGLP7 and AhGLP8, respectively. The underline numbers indicated down-regulated genes, and the numbers without underlines were up-regulated genes.
Figure 6.
Overexpression of AhGLPs and salt tolerance analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
WT: wild type; control: The modified pCAMBIA1301 inserted with 35S only was used as negative control. (A): Diagrams of the constructs (the pCAMBIA1301-35S- AhGLP1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) used for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis. (B): Effects of different NaCl content (0, 50 and 100 mM) on the germination of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds for 5 days after germination; (C): Comparison of germination rates and percentages of seedlings with green cotyledons between transgenic lines and wild-type plants under 100 mM NaCl stress. (D): The seeding cultivated on 1/2 MS agar plate containing 50 mM NaCl for 15 days. (E): Transcript analysis of AhGLPs-activated defense related genes (DFR, CHS, 3GT, and AtPR3, 4 and 5) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.