Table 1.
Harvested ripe bunch oil yield data and fruit bunch characteristics for LY and HY oil palm populations studied. Data collected throughout seven years of recording.
Figure 1.
Total lipid, moisture and sugar contents of mesocarp tissue during development.
High-yielding (HY) and low-yielding (LY) palm fruit mesocarp tissue composition during the critical period of oil palm fruit development (n = 8): a) total lipid, b) moisture content, and c) content of major sugar species. Error bars show ± 1σ; *, p-value for difference <0.05.
Figure 2.
Multivariate analysis of mesocarp metabolites in HY and LY palms at onset of lipid biosynthesis.
Plots of a) principal component analysis (PCA) scores and b) orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) scores of HY (▴) and LY (•) mesocarp polar extract metabolites at 16 WAP obtained from untargeted analysis using LC-MS.
Figure 3.
Heatmap of important primary metabolite concentrations during HY and LY palm mesocarp development.
Heatmap of averaged and normalized mesocarp metabolite concentrations in key biosynthetic and cellular pathways of HY and LY oil palm groups at 12-22 WAP (n = 8). Scale from white (lowest concentration) to black (highest concentration) within each metabolite class.
Figure 4.
Differential metabolite profiles across key pathways during development of HY and LY palm mesocarp.
Significant differential mesocarp concentrations of selected metabolites in HY (▴) and LY (•) palms during 12–22 WAP (n = 8) for a) fatty acids, b) glycolytic pathway, c) TCA cycle, d) amino acids, e) nucleotides, f) other selected metabolites. Error bars show ± 1σ; *, p-value for difference <0.05; #, not detected.
Figure 5.
Differences in malic acid/citric acid ratios in HY and LY palms during lipid biosynthesis.
Malic acid/citric acid ratios of HY and LY oil palm mesocarp samples during 12–22 WAP (n = 8).