Table 1.
Number of individuals by year and sex classified as migrants and residents and birds for which data could not be obtained.
Figure 1.
Migration patterns for 8 individual (different colours) tragopans (A).
Arrows show direction of movement, and ‘Summer’ and ‘Winter’ denote summer breeding and wintering grounds. Elevation profiles (B) for 5 tragopans showing the initiation of migration (closed triangle) and end of migration (closed square). Individuals are identified by small letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’ on both (A) and (B). Temperature profiles are for October to December 2009 and January 2010 at 2300 (black line) and 2900 (blue line) masl.
Figure 2.
No of individuals classified as migrants or residents (Pattern 4).
Migrants have been further classified into those crossing multiple mountains (Pattern 1), descending longitudinally (Pattern 2) [i.e. travelling parallel to mountain ridges], and those climbing to higher elevations in winter (Pattern 3). Hatches indicate elevation change by individuals during fall migration. ‘+200’ denotes individuals who climbed higher in winter.
Figure 3.
Relationship of body mass (kg) by sex to migratory status, where ‘0’ is sedentary and ‘1’ is migratory.
Filled symbols represent birds tagged in 2010 and open symbols show birds tagged in 2011.
Table 2.
Model estimates for effect of body mass and body size index (mass/tarsus length) on migratory status of males.
Figure 4.
Boxplots for distance migrated (A), change in elevation (B) and duration of migration (C) by sex (n = 24, females = 11 and males = 13).
Figure 5.
Departure dates for fall migrations for 2009, 2010 and 2011 (A) and return migrations for 2011 and 2012 (B) against temperature profiles.
Dashed horizontal grey lines (B) show snowfall days in the study area.
Figure 6.
Location of Bhutan (A[i]) and Thrumshingla National Park in Bhutan shown in green (A[ii]).
Location of study area bounded by rectangular box (A[ii]). Light grey areas show protected areas in Bhutan and dark grey areas show biological corridors. Land cover, locations for 1 resident (black circles) and migratory routes for 4 migratory individuals (3 females and 1 male [green squares and line] within the study area (B)). A tagged male (C) and a tagged female (D) being released. Travel route of a male migrant shown in green and female migrant shown in yellow (B) overlaid onto a photograph of the actual mountain location (E).