Figure 1.
(A) In a plastic flask, 3 days after seeding. (B) On an amniotic membrane in special wells, 4 days after seeding (50 K cells per well). Phase contrast light microscope. Magnification: x10.
Figure 2.
(A) Scheme of the experimental system and for application of WSS on cultured cells.
The flow chamber can hold 3 well bottoms. (B) Drawing of the components of the flow chamber and the well bottoms.
Figure 3.
An example for the measurements of long and short diameters, corresponding to the major and minor axes of an ellipse, marked on the confocal images of the cells using designated image processing software.
Figure 4.
(A) Three different levels of stress fibers formation.
(a) Low level, mostly cortical actin and almost no stress fibers, (b) Intermediate level, some fibers are formed, mostly in cell protrusions, and (c) High level, most of the cell’s central area is abundant with stress fibers. (B) Three different levels of microtubules formation: (a) Low level, mostly β-tubulin fragments and almost no cytoplasmic microtubules, (b) Intermediate level, some microtubules were formed inside the cell, and (c) High level, a dense network of microtubules was generated inside the cells.
Figure 5.
(A) Elongation of the cells, defined by the aspect ratio of the ellipsoid diameters.
The arrows are pointing at representing cells. (a) Control culture, (b) 0.5 dyne/cm2 culture, (c) 1.0 dyne/cm2 culture, and (d) 1.5 dyne/cm2 cultures. (B) Variation of the logarithmic value of the aspect ratio that define the level of cell elongation with the level of the applied shear stress (±standard deviation).
Figure 6.
(A) Actin staining in cultures of EOC cells.
(a) Control culture (no WSS), (b) cells exposed to WSS of 0.5 dyne/cm2, (c) cells exposed to WSS of 1.0 dyne/cm2, and (d) cells exposed to WSS of 1.5 dyne/cm2. (B) The percentage of cells in each of three levels of stress fibers formation, for different levels of shear stress. (C) The logarithmic mean aspect ratio of cell elongation for every level of stress fibers formation (±2·standard error).
Figure 7.
(A) β-tubulin staining in cultures of EOC cells.
(a) Control culture (no WSS), (b) cells exposed to WSS of 0.5 dyne/cm2, (c) cells exposed to WSS of 1.0 dyne/cm2, and (d) cells exposed to WSS of 1.5 dyne/cm2. (B) the percentage of cells in each of three levels of microtubules formation, for different levels of shear stress. (C) The logarithmic mean aspect ratio of cell elongation for every level of microtubules formation (±2·standard error).