Figure 1.
Δ: maximal grip force testing. ▪: countermovement jump and multiple single-leg hop tests; ▴: first of five days wearing the actibelt® device for activity level measurements. □; questionnaires for assessment of motivational state. Vertical lines indicate the start and end of the isolation phase.
Table 1.
Physical activity and neuromuscular variables at first measurement.
Figure 2.
Physical activity during isolation.
Values are mean (SD) percentage change compared to first measurement. *: p<0.05; †: p<0.01; ‡: p<0.001 and give the significance of the change. The variables measured at the same time-points have been offset slightly. Average gait speed and distance walked were significantly increased when subjects were scheduled to perform running exercises (days 71–141, 285–354 and 451–520 of isolation; statistical analyses not shown).
Figure 3.
Reductions in countermovement jump power (top) but not height (bottom).
Values are mean (SD) percentage change compared to first measurement. *: p<0.05; †: p<0.01; ‡: p<0.001 and give the significance of the change.
Figure 4.
Reductions in single-leg hop force (top) but not grip force (bottom).
Values are mean (SD) percentage change compared to first measurement. *: p<0.05; †: p<0.01; ‡: p<0.001 and give the significance of the change.
Figure 5.
Boxplots of subjective motivation level over the course of isolation.
Non-parametric form of repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant changes over time (p = 0.20). *: p = 0.045 on Wilcoxon-test versus pre-isolation.